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Additive manufacturing of silica aerogels

机译：二氧化硅气凝胶的添加剂制造

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摘要

Owing to their ultralow thermal conductivity and open pore structure(1-3), silica aerogels are widely used in thermal insulation(4,5), catalysis(6), physics(7,8), environmental remediation(6,9), optical devices(10) and hypervelocity particle capture(11). Thermal insulation is by far the largest market for silica aerogels, which are ideal materials when space is limited. One drawback of silica aerogels is their brittleness. Fibre reinforcement and binders can be used to overcome this for large-volume applications in building and industrial insulation(5,12), but their poor machinability, combined with the difficulty of precisely casting small objects, limits the miniaturization potential of silica aerogels. Additive manufacturing provides an alternative route to miniaturization, but was "considered not feasible for silica aerogel"(13). Here we present a direct ink writing protocol to create miniaturized silica aerogel objects from a slurry of silica aerogel powder in a dilute silica nanoparticle suspension (sol). The inks exhibit shear-thinning behaviour, owing to the high volume fraction of gel particles. As a result, they flow easily through the nozzle during printing, but their viscosity increases rapidly after printing, ensuring that the printed objects retain their shape. After printing, the silica sol is gelled in an ammonia atmosphere to enable subsequent processing into aerogels. The printed aerogel objects are pure silica and retain the high specific surface area (751 square metres per gram) and ultralow thermal conductivity (15.9 milliwatts per metre per kelvin) typical of silica aerogels. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ease with which functional nanoparticles can be incorporated. The printed silica aerogel objects can be used for thermal management, as miniaturized gas pumps and to degrade volatile organic compounds, illustrating the potential of our protocol.
机译：由于其超级导电性和开孔结构（1-3），二氧化硅气凝胶广泛用于隔热（4,5），催化（6），物理（7,8），环境修复（6,9），光学器件（10）和超细型粒子捕获（11）。热绝缘是迄今为止最大的二氧化硅气凝胶市场，当空间有限时是理想的材料。二氧化硅气凝胶的一个缺点是它们的脆性。纤维增强和粘合剂可用于克服建筑和工业绝缘中的大量应用（5,12），但它们可加工不良，结合精确铸造小物体的难度，限制了二氧化硅气凝胶的小型化潜力。添加剂制造提供了微型化的替代途径，但“被认为是硅气凝胶不可行”（13）。在这里，我们提出了一种直接的墨水写入方案，以从稀硅纳米粒子悬浮液（溶胶）中的二氧化硅气凝胶粉末的浆料中产生小型化二氧化硅气凝胶物体。由于凝胶颗粒的高容积分数，墨水表现出剪切稀疏行为。结果，它们在印刷期间容易地通过喷嘴流动，但印刷后它们的粘度迅速增加，确保印刷物体保持其形状。在印刷后，将二氧化硅溶胶凝胶化在氨气气氛中，以使随后的加工进入气凝胶。印刷的气凝胶物体是纯二氧化硅，并保留高比表面积（每克751平方米）和超级导热率（每米/米/米/米）典型的二氧化硅气凝胶。此外，我们证明了可以掺入功能性纳米颗粒的易容易性。印刷的二氧化硅气凝胶物体可用于热管理，作为小型化气体泵，并降低挥发性有机化合物，说明我们的协议的潜力。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2020年第7821期|387-392|共6页
  • 作者

    Zhao Shanyu; Siqueira Gilberto; Drdova Sarka; Norris David; Ubert Christopher; Bonnin Anne; Galmarini Sandra; Ganobjak Michal; Pan Zhengyuan; Brunner Samuel; Nystroem Gustav; Wang Jing; Koebel Matthias M.; Malfait Wim J.;

  • 作者单位

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Bldg Energy Mat & Components Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Cellulose & Wood Mat Lab Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Technol Inst Environm Engn Zurich Switzerland|Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Adv Analyt Technol Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Bldg Energy Mat & Components Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Bldg Energy Mat & Components Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Paul Scherrer Inst Swiss Light Source Villigen Switzerland;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Bldg Energy Mat & Components Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Bldg Energy Mat & Components Dubendorf Switzerland|Slovak Univ Technol Bratislava Fac Architecture Bratislava Slovakia;

    Swiss Fed Inst Technol Inst Environm Engn Zurich Switzerland|South China Univ Technol State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn Guangzhou Peoples R China;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Bldg Energy Mat & Components Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Cellulose & Wood Mat Lab Dubendorf Switzerland|Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Hlth Sci & Technol Zurich Switzerland;

    Swiss Fed Inst Technol Inst Environm Engn Zurich Switzerland|Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Adv Analyt Technol Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Bldg Energy Mat & Components Dubendorf Switzerland;

    Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Lab Bldg Energy Mat & Components Dubendorf Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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