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Observation of Stark many-body localization without disorder

机译：观察STARK许多身体定位而不紊乱

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摘要

Thermalization is a ubiquitous process of statistical physics, in which a physical system reaches an equilibrium state that is defined by a few global properties such as temperature. Even in isolated quantum many-body systems, limited to reversible dynamics, thermalization typically prevails(1). However, in these systems, there is another possibility: many-body localization (MBL) can result in preservation of a non-thermal state(2,3). While disorder has long been considered an essential ingredient for this phenomenon, recent theoretical work has suggested that a quantum many-body system with a spatially increasing field-but no disorder-can also exhibit MBL4, resulting in 'Stark MBL'(5). Here we realize Stark MBL in a trapped-ion quantum simulator and demonstrate its key properties: halting of thermalization and slow propagation of correlations. Tailoring the interactions between ionic spins in an effective field gradient, we directly observe their microscopic equilibration for a variety of initial states, and we apply single-site control to measure correlations between separate regions of the spin chain. Furthermore, by engineering a varying gradient, we create a disorder-free system with coexisting long-lived thermalized and non-thermal regions. The results demonstrate the unexpected generality of MBL, with implications about the fundamental requirements for thermalization and with potential uses in engineering long-lived non-equilibrium quantum matter.Experiments with a trapped-ion quantum simulator observe Stark many-body localization, in which the quantum system evades thermalization despite having no disorder.
机译：热化是统计物理的无处不在的过程，其中物理系统达到平衡状态，该状态由诸如温度的少数全局性质定义。即使在隔离量子中的多体系统中，也限于可逆动态，热化通常是普遍存在的（1）。然而，在这些系统中，还有另一种可能性：许多身体定位（MBL）可以保持非热状态（2,3）。虽然疾病长期被认为是这种现象的必要成分，但最近的理论上提出了一种具有空间上增加的场的量子，但没有病症 - 也可以表现出mbl4，导致'stark mbl'（5）。在这里，我们在捕获离子量子模拟器中实现了STARK MBL，并展示其关键特性：停止热化并缓慢传播相关性。根据有效的场梯度剪裁离子旋转之间的相互作用，我们直接观察它们的微观平衡为各种初始状态，我们应用单站点控制以测量旋转链的单独区域之间的相关性。此外，通过工程改变梯度，我们创造了一种无序系统，具有共存的长寿热化和非热区域。结果表明了MBL的意外一般性，有关于热化的根本要求和工程长期存在的非平衡量子物质的潜在用途的影响。具有捕获离子量子模拟器的实验者观察剧烈的多体本地化，其中虽然没有紊乱，量子系统避免了热化。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2021年第7885期|393-398|共6页
  • 作者

    Morong W.; Liu F.; Becker P.; Collins K. S.; Feng L.; Kyprianidis A.; Pagano G.; You T.; Gorshkov A. V.; Monroe C.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

    Rice Univ Dept Phys & Astron Houston TX USA;

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

    Univ Maryland Joint Quantum Inst College Pk MD 20742 USA|Univ Maryland Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA|NIST College Pk MD 20783 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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