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Relative risk of extinction of passerine birds on continents and islands

机译：大陆和岛屿上雀形目鸟类灭绝的相对风险

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摘要

Greater numbers and higher proportions of recent species extinctions have been on islands rather than on continents. In contrast, predictions of massive future extinctions stem from the current clearing of continental, tropical forests. For instance, since 1600, 97 out of 108 bird extinctions have been on islands. However, 452 of the total 1,111 species currently considered to be threatened are continental. Island flora and fauna are uniquely vulnerable to the human introduction of previously absent predators, diseases and other menaces, whereas species on continents are not so ecologically naive. So could predictions of future continental extinctions based on island histories be exaggerated? Most threatened species have small geographic ranges, and the ranges of island species are inevitably smaller than those of continental species. For a given range size, how do the proportions of threatened island and continental species compare? Here we compile the ranges of the passerine (perching) birds of the Americas. Corrected for range size, continental species are more—not less—likely to be threatened. We use this unexpected vulnerability of continental species with small ranges to produce a map showing where species losses might occur in the long term.
机译：最近物种灭绝的数量和比例都更多地出现在岛屿上，而不是大陆上。相反，对未来大灭绝的预测源于目前对大陆性热带森林的砍伐。例如，自1600年以来，在108种鸟类灭绝中有97种发生在岛屿上。但是，目前被认为受到威胁的1,111种物种中有452种是大陆性的。岛上的动植物特别容易受到人类引入以前不存在的食肉动物，疾病和其他威胁的威胁，而各大洲的物种并不是那么生态幼稚。那么，基于岛屿历史对未来大陆灭绝的预测会被夸大吗？大多数受威胁物种的地理范围较小，岛屿物种的范围不可避免地要比大陆物种的范围小。对于给定的范围大小，受威胁的岛屿和大陆物种的比例如何比较？在这里，我们编译美洲雀形目（栖息）鸟类的范围。校正范围大小后，大陆物种可能会受到威胁，而不是减少。我们使用较小范围内的大陆物种的这种意想不到的脆弱性来绘制一张地图，以显示长期可能发生物种损失的地方。

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