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Predictors of extinction risk of passerine birds in a Central European country

机译：中欧国家中雀形目鸟类灭绝风险的预测因子

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To develop effective conservation measures, it is crucial that we understand how ecological and life-history traits relate to risk of species extinction. Through the use of phylogenetic generalized least-squares regression, this study assesses the relative importance of habitat specialization, life history, migration strategy and climatic niche as predictors of national threat level for 86 passerine bird species breeding in the Czech Republic. We found that, after controlling for variation in breeding distribution, slow life history increases the extinction risk in habitat specialist species, but reduces such risk in habitat generalists. The higher threat of habitat specialists is consistent with their higher sensitivity to human-induced environmental perturbations, most notably to the habitat loss. However, our results suggest that the negative effects of habitat specialization appear to be somewhat compensated for by fast life history. For example, species with fast life histories typically display higher fecundity than species with slow life histories. At the same time, slow life history can be beneficial for habitat generalists that are not as badly affected by habitat destruction as habitat specialists. Such species are able to allocate more energy to future reproduction and could wait for optimal environmental conditions before breeding, leading to more favourable population status in the long term. Finally, we also found that species breeding in warmer areas experience higher extinction risk than species breeding in colder areas. Although the effect of climatic niche is usually attributed to the impact of climate change, we suggest that the habitat destruction is more likely an explanation because the warmer lowland regions are heavily exploited by intensive agriculture and industrial and urban development. Based upon these results, we suggest that current conservation effort, especially in warmer zones, may not sufficiently address the requirements of the habitat specialists with slow histories
机译：为了制定有效的保护措施，至关重要的是，我们要了解生态和生活史特征与物种灭绝风险之间的关系。通过使用系统发育广义最小二乘回归，本研究评估了栖息地专业化，生活史，迁徙策略和气候生态位的相对重要性，以作为捷克共和国86种雀形目鸟类繁殖国家威胁水平的预测指标。我们发现，在控制了繁殖分布的变化之后，缓慢的生活史会增加栖息地专业物种的灭绝风险，但会降低栖息地普通物种的灭绝风险。栖息地专家面临的更高威胁与其对人类引起的环境扰动（尤其是对栖息地流失）的更高敏感性相一致。但是，我们的结果表明，快速的生活史可以弥补栖息地专业化的负面影响。例如，具有较快生活史的物种通常比具有较慢生活史的物种表现出更高的繁殖力。同时，缓慢的生活史可能对那些不像生境专家那样受到生境破坏严重影响的生境通才有益。这些物种能够为将来的繁殖分配更多的能量，并可以在繁殖之前等待最佳的环境条件，从长远来看将带来更有利的种群状况。最后，我们还发现，较温暖地区的物种繁殖比较寒冷地区的物种灭绝风险更高。尽管气候小生境的影响通常归因于气候变化的影响，但我们建议对栖息地的破坏更可能是一种解释，因为温暖的低地地区被集约化农业以及工业和城市发展所大量利用。根据这些结果，我们建议当前的保护工作，尤其是在较温暖的地区，可能无法充分满足历史缓慢的栖息地专家的要求。

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