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Detection of an impact-generated dust cloud around Ganymede

机译：检测木卫三附近撞击产生的尘埃云

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Dust pervades the Solar System, and is concentrated in the ring systems surrounding the giant planets and along the plane of the planetary orbits (the Zodiacal cloud). Individual dust grains are thought to be generated when impacts loft material from larger bodies, such as satellites. Uncertainties in theoretical models of this ejection process are large, and there have hitherto been no direct measurements with which to constrain these models. Here we report in situ measurements of submicrometre dust within a few radii of Jupiter's satellite Ganymede. The directions, speeds and distribution of masses of the grains indicate that they come from Ganymede, and are consistent with an ejection process resulting from hypervelocity impacts of interplanetary dust onto Ganymede's surface. Dust appears also to be concentrated near Callisto and Europa, suggesting that these satellites too are significant sources of dusty debris.
机译：尘土弥漫在太阳系中，并集中在围绕巨大行星的环形系统中，并沿着行星轨道的平面（黄道带云）集中。当撞击来自较大物体（例如卫星）的放样材料时，会产生单个尘埃颗粒。该喷射过程的理论模型的不确定性很大，并且迄今为止，还没有直接测量可以用来约束这些模型。在这里，我们报告了木星卫星木卫三在几个半径范围内的亚微米灰尘的原位测量。颗粒的方向，速度和分布表明它们来自木卫三，并且与行星际尘埃对木卫三表面的超高速撞击所导致的喷射过程一致。尘埃似乎也集中在卡利斯托和欧罗巴附近，这表明这些卫星也是尘土飞扬的重要来源。

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