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A GTP-exchange factor required for cell orientation.

机译：细胞定向所需的GTP交换因子。

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摘要

The Rho-family of GTPases and their regulators are essential for cytoskeletal reorganization and transcriptional activation in response to extracellular signals. Little is known about what links these molecules to membrane receptors. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, haploid cells respond to mating pheromone through a G-protein-coupled receptor and the betagamma subunit of the G protein, resulting in arrest of the cell cycle, transcriptional activation, and polarized growth towards a mating partner. The Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 and its exchange factor Cdc24 have been implicated in the mating process, but their specific role is unknown. Here we report the identification of cdc24 alleles that do not affect vegetative growth but drastically reduce the ability of yeast cells to mate. When exposed to mating pheromone, these mutants arrest growth, activate transcription, and undergo characteristic morphological and actin-cytoskeleton polarization. However, the mutants are unable to orient towards a pheromone gradient, and instead position their mating projection adjacent to their previous bud site. The mutants are specifically defective in the binding of Cdc24 to the G-protein betagamma subunit. Our results demonstrate that the association of an exchange factor and the betagamma subunit of a hetero-trimeric G protein links receptor-mediated activation to oriented cell growth.
机译：GTPases的Rho家族及其调节剂对于响应细胞外信号的细胞骨架重组和转录激活至关重要。关于将这些分子与膜受体联系起来的了解甚少。在出芽的酿酒酵母中，单倍体细胞通过G蛋白偶联受体和G蛋白的betagamma亚基对交配信息素作出反应，从而导致细胞周期停滞，转录激活和向交配伴侣的极化生长。 Rho家族GTPase Cdc42及其交换因子Cdc24与交配过程有关，但其具体作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们报告了对cdc24等位基因的鉴定，这些基因不影响营养生长，但会大大降低酵母细胞的交配能力。当暴露于交配的信息素时，这些突变体会阻止生长，激活转录并经历特征性的形态学和肌动蛋白-细胞骨架极化。但是，这些突变体无法定向于信息素梯度，而是将其交配投影定位在其先前的芽位附近。突变体在Cdc24与G蛋白betagamma亚基的结合中特别有缺陷。我们的结果表明，交换因子和异三聚体G蛋白的betagamma亚基的关联将受体介导的激活与定向细胞生长联系起来。

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