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Mutations of mitotic checkpoint genes in human cancers (see comments)

机译:人类癌症中有丝分裂检查点基因的突变(参见评论)

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Genetic instability was one of the first characteristics to be postulated to underlie neoplasia. Such genetic instability occurs in two different forms. In a small fraction of colorectal and some other cancers, defective repair of mismatched bases results in an increased mutation rate at the nucleotide level and consequent widespread microsatellite instability. In most colorectal cancers, and probably in many other cancer types, a chromosomal instability (CIN) leading to an abnormal chromosome number (aneuploidy) is observed. The physiological and molecular bases of this pervasive abnormality are unknown. Here we show that CIN is consistently associated with the loss of function of a mitotic checkpoint. Moreover, in some cancers displaying CIN the loss of this checkpoint was associated with the mutational inactivation of a human homologue of the yeast BUB1 gene; BUB1 controls mitotic checkpoints and chromosome segregation in yeast. The normal mitotic checkpoints of cells displaying microsatellite instability become defective upon transfer of mutant hBUB1 alleles from either of two CIN cancers.
机译:遗传不稳定性是被认为是瘤形成基础的首批特征之一。这种遗传不稳定性以两种不同形式发生。在少数大肠癌和其他一些癌症中,错配碱基的修复不当会导致核苷酸水平的突变率增加,从而导致微卫星不稳定。在大多数大肠癌中,可能还有许多其他类型的癌症中,观察到导致染色体数目异常(非整倍性)的染色体不稳定性(CIN)。这种普遍异常的生理和分子基础是未知的。在这里,我们证明CIN与有丝分裂检查点功能的丧失始终相关。此外,在一些显示CIN的癌症中,失去该检查点与酵母BUB1基因的人类同源物的突变失活有关;因此,这种病的发生可能与CUB的发生有关。 BUB1控制酵母中的有丝分裂检查点和染色体分离。当从两种CIN癌症中的任一种转移突变的hBUB1等位基因时,显示微卫星不稳定性的细胞的正常有丝分裂检查点将变得有缺陷。

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