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The evolution of apical dominance in maize

机译：玉米顶端优势的演变

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The domestication of crop plants has often involved an increase in apical dominance (the concentration of resources in the main stem of the plant and a corresponding suppression of axillary branches). A striking example of this phenomenon is seen in maize (Zea mays spp. mays), which exhibits a profound increase in apical dominance compared with its probable wild ancestor, teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis). Previous research has identified the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene as a major contributor to this evolutionary change in maize. We have cloned tb1 by transposon tagging and show here that it encodes a protein with homology to the cycloidea gene of snapdragon. The pattern of tb1 expression and the morphology of tb1 mutant plants suggest that tb1 acts both to repress the growth of axillary organs and to enable the formation of female inflorescences. The maize allele of tb1 is expressed at twice the level of the teosinte allele, suggesting that gene regulatory changes underlie the evolutionary divergence of maize from teosinte.
机译：农作物的驯化通常涉及到顶端优势的增加（植物主茎中资源的集中以及对腋生分支的相应抑制）。在玉米（Zea mays spp。mays）中可以看到这种现象的显着例子，与可能的野生祖先teosinte（Zea mays ssp。parviglumis）相比，其顶端优势显着增加。以前的研究已经确定，teosinte branched1（tb1）基因是玉米这种进化变化的主要贡献者。我们已经通过转座子标签克隆了tb1，并在此处显示了它编码的一种与金鱼草的Cyclidea基因同源的蛋白质。 tb1表达模式和tb1突变植物的形态表明，tb1既抑制腋窝器官的生长，又使雌性花序形成。 tb1的玉米等位基因的表达水平是teosinte等位基因的两倍，这表明基因调控变化是玉米与teosinte进化差异的基础。

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