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MODULATION OF CA2+ CHANNELS BY G-PROTEIN BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS

机译:G蛋白β-γ亚基对CA2 +通道的调控

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CALCIUM ions entering cells through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels initiate rapid release of neurotransmitters and secretion of hormones. Ca2+ currents can be inhibited in many cell types by neurotransmitters acting through G proteins via a membrane-delimited pathway independently of soluble intracellular messengers(1-4). Inhibition is typically caused by a positive shift in the voltage dependence and a slowing of channel activation and is relieved by strong depolarization resulting in facilitation of Ca2+ currents(1,4-6). This pathway regulates the activity of N-type and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels(1,2,7), which are localized in presynaptic terminals(8,9) and participate in neurotransmitter release(10-13). Synaptic transmission is inhibited by neurotransmitters through this mechanism(1,4). G-protein alpha subunits confer specificity in receptor coupling(1-4,14-17), but it is not known whether the G alpha or G beta gamma subunits are responsible for modulation of Ca2+ channels. Here we report that G beta gamma subunits can modulate Ca2+ channels. Transfection of G beta gamma into cells expressing P/Q-type Ca2+ channels induces modulation like that caused by activation of G protein-coupled receptors, but G alpha subunits do not. Similarly, injection or expression of G beta gamma subunits in sympathetic ganglion neurons induces facilitation and occludes modulation of N-type channels by noradrenaline, but G alpha subunits do not. In both cases, the G gamma subunit is ineffective by itself, but overexpression of exogenous G beta subunits is sufficient to cause channel modulation. [References: 30]
机译:通过电压门控的Ca2 +通道进入细胞的钙离子启动了神经递质的快速释放和激素的分泌。在许多细胞类型中,Ca2 +电流可以通过神经递质通过G蛋白通过膜定界途径起作用,而与可溶性细胞内信使无关,可以被抑制(1-4)。抑制作用通常是由电压依赖性的正向偏移和通道激活的减慢引起的,而抑制作用则由于强烈的去极化而减轻,从而促进了Ca2 +电流(1,4-6)。该途径调节N型和P / Q型Ca2 +通道的活性(1,2,7),它们位于突触前末端(8,9)并参与神经递质的释放(10-13)。通过这种机制,神经递质抑制突触传递(1,4)。 G蛋白α亚基赋予受体偶联特异性(1-4,14-17),但是尚不清楚Gα或Gβγ亚基是否负责Ca2 +通道的调节。在这里,我们报告G betaγ亚基可以调节Ca2 +通道。将G betaγ转染到表达P / Q型Ca2 +通道的细胞中,会像由G蛋白偶联受体的激活所引起的那样,引起调制,但G alpha亚基却不会。同样,在交感神经节神经元中注射或表达Gβγ亚基可诱导促进作用,并阻断去甲肾上腺素对N型通道的调节,但Gα亚基则不会。在这两种情况下,Gγ亚基本身都是无效的,但是外源Gβ亚基的过表达足以引起通道调节。 [参考:30]

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