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Sensitization of meningeal sensory neurons and the origin of headaches.

机译：脑膜感觉神经元的敏化和头痛的起源。

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The headaches that accompany certain intracranial pathologies (such as meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage and tumour) have been considered to result from mechanical or chemical stimulation of pain-sensitive structures of the intracranial meninges. Although the recurrent headache of migraine is of unknown origin and is not accompanied by an identifiable pathology, it shares with intracranial headaches features that suggest an exaggerated intracranial mechanosensitivity (worsening of the pain by coughing, breath-holding or sudden head movement). One possible basis for such symptoms would be a sensitization of meningeal afferents to mechanical stimuli. Previous studies of neuronal responses to meningeal stimulation have focused primarily on cells in the central portion of the trigeminal pathway, and have not investigated the possible occurrence of sensitization. We have recorded the activity of primary afferent neurons in the rat trigeminal ganglion that innervate the dural venous sinuses. Chemical stimulation of their dural receptive fields with inflammatory mediators both directly excited the neurons and enhanced their mechanical sensitivity, such that they were strongly activated by mechanical stimuli that initially had evoked little or no response. These properties of meningeal afferents (chemosensitivity and sensitization) may contribute to the intracranial mechanical hypersensitivity that is characteristic of some types of clinically occurring headaches, and may also contribute to the throbbing pain of migraine.
机译：某些颅内病变（例如脑膜炎，蛛网膜下腔出血和肿瘤）伴随的头痛被认为是由于机械或化学刺激了颅内脑膜的疼痛敏感结构而引起的。尽管偏头痛的复发性头痛来源不明，并且没有可辨认的病理学伴发，但它具有颅内头痛的特征，提示颅内机械敏感度过高（通过咳嗽，屏气或突然的头部移动而使疼痛加重）。这种症状的一种可能依据是使脑膜传入神经对机械刺激敏感。先前对脑膜刺激的神经元反应的研究主要集中在三叉神经途径中央部分的细胞，尚未研究致敏的可能发生。我们已经记录了神经支配硬脑膜静脉窦的大鼠三叉神经节中主要传入神经元的活动。用炎性介质化学刺激其硬脑膜受体区域既可以直接刺激神经元，又可以增强其机械敏感性，从而使它们最初被很少或没有反应的机械刺激强烈激活。脑膜传入神经的这些特性（化学敏感性和致敏性）可能会导致颅内机械性超敏反应，这是某些类型的临床上发生的头痛的特征，并且还可能导致偏头痛的阵阵痛感。

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