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Sustainability SI: Logistics Cost and Environmental Impact Analyses of Urban Delivery Consolidation Strategies

机译：可持续性SI：城市配送整合策略的物流成本和环境影响分析

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Among new, innovative city logistics strategies, urban delivery consolidation has received increasing academic and practical attention mostly in Europe and Japan. It is believed to bring cost savings and environmental benefits with the right setting. This paper demonstrates an alternative modeling framework to examine, from the strategic planning perspective, the effectiveness of urban delivery consolidation in terms of monetary logistics cost, energy consumption and PM2.5 emissions with respect to a number of operational (e.g., rent cost, customer demand) and policy factors (e.g., commercial vehicle size restriction in city centers). The framework consists of two key modeling components: the Continuous Approximation (CA) method to model urban delivery (the so-called last-mile delivery) and the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) to estimate the energy consumption and PM2.5 emissions associated with the logistics activities. It is found that the potential logistics and environmental benefits of UCC could come from either improving the utilization of the vehicle capacity through consolidation, or shifting the more expensive storage cost from customers in the city center to the less expensive UCC rent cost-due to a less centralized location and/or government subsidy or other cost sharing mechanisms-outside of the city center. However, UCC could achieve those benefits compared to non- consolidation strategies only under certain conditions, for example when there is an economy of scale or high customer density (i.e., high shipping volume) in the service area. The paper discusses in detailed under what assumptions and conditions UCC could work. Study limitations and future work are also presented.
机译：在新的，创新的城市物流策略中，城市交付整合在欧洲和日本受到越来越多的学术和实践关注。据信，通过正确的设置可以带来成本节省和环境效益。本文演示了一个替代模型框架，该模型框架从战略规划的角度检查了城市交付整合在货币运营成本，能源消耗和PM2.5排放方面相对于许多运营（例如租金成本，客户）的有效性。需求）和政策因素（例如，市中心的商用车尺寸限制）。该框架包含两个关键的建模组件：用于模拟城市交通（所谓的“最后一英里”交通）的连续近似（CA）方法和用于估算能源消耗的机动车排放模拟器（MOVES）以及与物流活动相关的PM2.5排放。研究发现，UCC的潜在物流和环境效益可能来自通过整合提高车辆产能的利用率，或者是将较高成本的仓储成本从市中心的客户转移到较低成本的UCC租金成本，原因是市中心以外的地方和/或政府补贴或其他成本分摊机制的集中程度较低。但是，与非合并策略相比，UCC仅在某些条件下才能实现这些优势，例如，在服务区域实现规模经济或高客户密度（即高运输量）时。本文详细讨论了UCC可以在哪些假设和条件下工作。还介绍了研究限制和未来的工作。

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