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The hunt for black gold

机译：寻找黑金

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摘要

The universal demand for energy means the oil and gas industry is a truly global one. But that also means events all over the world can affect it - from the economic, such as increasing demand from China; to the political, such as the pinch in supply due to the Arab Spring; to the uncontrollable, such as when hurricane Katrina temporarily cut off oil production in the Gulf of Mexico in 2005. Even slight fluctuations in supply and demand can change prices drastically, something energy companies have to juggle with environmental pressures, diminishing resources and stringent government regulations. Because of this, "the oil and gas business is one that looks to the long term", with people working on projects that can span 25 to 40 years, says Simon Drysdale, head of BP's human resources in oil and gas. Oil has long been the world's favoured fuel, but as the need to lower carbon emissions has risen up the international agenda over the last decade, natural gas has become an attractive alternative as it produces 28 per cent less carbon dioxide than oil when burned. Whilst a legally binding carbon reduction treaty has yet to be finalised, there is no doubt that governments and people across the world have become more environmentally conscientious, which has played a part in some companies' decisions to diversify into renewable energy. "We have tobepartofthe general move to other energy sources both because of climate change and before oil and gas resources really do start to run out," says Robert Wine, BP's spokesperson.
机译：能源的普遍需求意味着石油和天然气行业是真正的全球性行业。但这也意味着全世界的事件都会对其产生影响-从经济上，例如中国需求的增长；政治上的，例如阿拉伯之春造成的供应紧张；导致无法控制的情况，例如2005年卡特里娜飓风暂时中断了墨西哥湾的石油生产。即使供需的微小波动也可能会极大地改变价格，能源公司必须在环境压力，资源减少和政府严格监管方面做出努力。 BP石油和天然气人力资源主管Simon Drysdale说，正因为如此，“石油和天然气业务是一个长远的目标”，人们从事的项目可能长达25至40年。长期以来，石油一直是世界上最受欢迎的燃料，但是在过去十年中，降低碳排放的需求已成为国际议事日程，天然气已成为一种有吸引力的替代品，因为燃烧时产生的二氧化碳比石油少28％。尽管尚未完成具有法律约束力的减碳条约，但毫无疑问，世界各国政府和人民对环境的重视程度日益提高，这在一些公司向多元化发展为可再生能源的决定中发挥了作用。 BP发言人罗伯特·怀恩（Robert Wine）表示：“由于气候变化，在油气资源真正开始枯竭之前，我们必须全面转向其他能源。”

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  • 来源
    《New scientist》 |2011年第2840期|p.60-61|共2页
  • 作者

    Kate McAlpine;

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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