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The Pursuit of Occupant Safety in Commercial Human Spaceflight

机译：商业载人航天中对乘员安全的追求

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摘要

Safety is an attribute that is emphasized throughout the design, development, and operational phases of a spacecraft intended for human occupants, whether envisioned for government or commercial applications. Although no spaceflight can be assured to be completely safe, many engineering practices can be employed to identify and mitigate the ensuing risks to the extent practical to be deemed sufficiently “safe enough.” Research in this area conducted as part of the Federal Aviation Administration Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation (COE CST) has examined the background, terminology, and current practices associated with risk mitigation and safety assurance from the perspective of historical space missions and anticipated future commercial opportunities, as summarized in this article. The COE CST work to date has evolved through a series of tasks aimed at reviewing prior space program safety practices, characterizing the process of human-rating within a risk scenario framework, assessing provisioning needs for medical care, exploring the concept of “how safe is safe enough?” and contrasting the safety records of spaceflight to more typical terrestrial transportation and adventure sport activities in a manner intended to facilitate effective risk communication to potential participants.
机译：安全性是航天器的设计，开发和运行阶段中强调的一个属性，该航天器旨在用于人类，无论是为政府还是商业应用。尽管不能保证太空飞行是绝对安全的，但可以采用许多工程实践来识别和减轻随之而来的风险，以至于认为足够“足够安全”。作为美国联邦航空局商业太空运输卓越中心（COE CST）的一部分，在这一领域进行的研究从历史太空任务和预期的未来角度研究了与风险缓解和安全保证相关的背景，术语和当前实践。商业机会，如本文所述。迄今为止，COE CST的工作已经演变成一系列任务，这些任务旨在审查先前的太空计划安全实践，表征风险情景框架内的人员评估过程，评估医疗保健的准备需求，探索“安全程度如何”的概念。安全到足够？”并将航天安全记录与更典型的地面运输和冒险体育活动进行对比，以促进与潜在参与者的有效风险沟通。

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