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Status and perspective of turbulence heat transfer modelling for the industrial application of liquid metal flows

机译：液态金属流工业应用中湍流传热建模的现状与前景

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Liquid metal cooled reactors are envisaged to play an important role in the future of nuclear energy production because of their possibility to use natural resources efficiently and to reduce the volume and lifetime of nuclear waste. Typically, sodium and lead(-alloys) are envisaged as coolants for such reactors. Obviously, in the development of these reactors, thermal-hydraulics is recognized as a key (safety) challenge. A fundamental issue to this respect is the modelling of turbulent heat flux over the complete range from natural, mixed and convection to forced convection regimes. Current engineering tools apply statistical turbulence closures and adopt the concept of the turbulent Prandtl number based on the Reynolds analogy. This analogy is valid mainly for forced convective flows with Prandtl number of order of unity. In the particular case of liquid metal, where the Prandtl number is less than 1, the turbulent Prandtl number concept is not applicable and robust engineering turbulence models are needed. Thus, a model is required which can deal with all flow regimes simultaneously in liquid metal flows. In the framework of the European project THINS (thermal-hydraulics for innovative nuclear systems), some promising routes for improvements have been identified and are currently under evaluation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：设想液态金属冷却反应堆在核能生产的未来中将发挥重要作用，因为它们有可能有效利用自然资源并减少核废料的数量和寿命。通常，设想钠和铅（合金）作为这种反应器的冷却剂。显然，在这些反应堆的开发中，热工液压被认为是关键（安全）挑战。在这方面的一个基本问题是在自然，混合和对流到强制对流状态的整个范围内对湍流热通量进行建模。当前的工程工具应用统计湍流闭塞，并基于雷诺兹类比采用湍流普朗特数的概念。该类比主要适用于普朗特数为1的强迫对流。在液体金属的特殊情况下，Prandtl数小于1，湍流Prandtl数概念不适用，需要鲁棒的工程湍流模型。因此，需要一个模型，该模型可以同时处理液态金属流中的所有流态。在欧洲项目THINS（创新性核系统的热工液压机）的框架内，已经确定了一些有希望的改进途径，目前正在评估中。 （C）2014 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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