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Liquid lithium divertor characteristics and plasma-material interactions in NSTX high-performance plasmas

机译:NSTX高性能等离子体中的液态锂偏滤器特性和等离子体-材料相互作用

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摘要

Liquid metal plasma-facing components (PFCs) have been proposed as a means of solving several problems facing the creation of economically viable fusion power reactors. To date, few demonstrations exist of this approach in a diverted tokamak and we here provide an overview of such work on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) was installed and operated for the 2010 run campaign using evaporated coatings as the filling method. The LLD consisted of a copper-backed structure with a porous molybdenum front face. Nominal Li filling levels by the end of the run campaign exceeded the porosity void fraction by 150%. Despite a nominal liquid level exceeding the capillary structure and peak current densities into the PFCs exceeding 100 kA m~(-2), no macroscopic ejection events were observed. In addition, no substrate line emission was observed after achieving lithium-melt temperatures indicating the lithium wicks and provides a protective coating on the molybdenum porous layer. Impurity emission from the divertor suggests that the plasma is interacting with oxygen-contaminated lithium whether diverted on the LLD or not. A database of LLD discharges is analysed to consider whether there is a net effect on the discharges over the range of total deposited lithium in the machine. Examination of H-97L indicates that performance was constant throughout the run, consistent with the hypothesis that it is the quality of the surface layers of the lithium that impact performance. The accumulation of impurities suggests a fully flowing liquid lithium system to obtain a steady-state PFC on timescales relevant to NSTX.
机译:已经提出了面对液态金属等离子体的部件(PFC),作为解决创建经济上可行的聚变动力反应堆所面临的若干问题的手段。迄今为止,在改型的托卡马克中几乎没有关于这种方法的演示,我们在这里提供了有关国家球形圆环实验(NSTX)的此类工作的概述。液态锂分流器(LLD)已安装并使用蒸发涂料作为填充方法进行了2010年的运行。 LLD由具有多孔钼正面的铜背结构组成。到运行结束时,名义Li填充量超过了孔隙率150%。尽管标称液位超过毛细管结构并且进入PFC的峰值电流密度超过100 kA m〜(-2),但未观察到宏观的喷射事件。另外,在达到指示锂芯的锂熔体温度之后,未观察到基材线发射,并且在钼多孔层上提供保护涂层。来自偏滤器的杂质发射表明,无论是否在LLD上转移,等离子体都与被氧污染的锂相互作用。分析了LLD放电数据库,以考虑在机器中沉积的锂总量范围内是否对放电产生净影响。对H-97L的检查表明,在整个运行过程中性能都是恒定的,这与认为锂表面层的质量会影响性能的假设相符。杂质的积累表明,在与NSTX有关的时标上,完全流动的液态锂系统可获得稳态PFC。

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  • 来源
    《Nuclear fusion》 |2013年第8期|083032.1-083032.9|共9页
  • 作者单位

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;

    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA;

    Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);
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