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Studies of polonium removal from molten lead-bismuth for lead-alloy-cooled reactor applications

机译：铅合金冷却反应堆应用中从熔融铅铋中去除po的研究

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摘要

The isotope Po-210 is the main product of neutron activation in fast reactors cooled by molten lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). The isotope Po-210 is a pure alpha emitter with a half-life of 138.38 days. For typical values of the neutron flux the Po-210 concentration in the coolant can reach 1-10 Ci/kg. While exposure of plant personnel to Po is prevented under normal operating conditions because the primary system is sealed, Po does pose a radiological hazard during maintenance activities for which access to submerged structures is required as well as during accidents resulting in breach of the primary-system barrier. Obviously, continuous removal of Po from the LBE reduces this hazard. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which Po is formed in and released from the LBE. We summarize research performed at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to investigate the basic chemistry of four mechanisms of Po release, which could serve as the basis for a coolant cleanup system in LBE-cooled reactors. The mechanisms explored are lead polonide evaporation, formation of polonium hydride, rare-earth filtering, and alkaline extraction. For the key chemical species involved expressions are given for useful quantities such as formation energy, release, and deposition rates. It is concluded that the most promising removal mechanism is alkaline extraction, although a more systematic investigation of this mechanism is needed.
机译：同位素Po-210是由熔融铅-铋共晶（LBE）冷却的快速反应堆中中子活化的主要产物。同位素Po-210是纯α发射体，半衰期为138.38天。对于中子通量的典型值，冷却剂中Po-210的浓度可以达到1-10 Ci / kg。尽管由于初级系统是密封的，所以在正常运行条件下可以防止工厂人员接触Po，但是在维护活动中Po确实存在放射线危害，需要进入水下结构，以及在事故中导致违反初级系统屏障。显然，从LBE中连续除去Po可以减少这种危险。因此，重要的是要了解在LBE中形成和释放Po的机制。我们总结了在爱达荷州国家工程和环境实验室以及麻省理工学院进行的研究，以研究四种Po释放机理的基本化学原理，这些化学原理可作为LBE冷却反应堆中冷却剂净化系统的基础。探索的机制是铅的铅蒸发，氢化po的形成，稀土过滤和碱萃取。对于涉及的关键化学物种，给出了有用量的表达式，例如形成能，释放量和沉积速率。结论是，最有希望的去除机理是碱萃取，尽管需要对该机理进行更系统的研究。

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