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The impacts of land-use changes on the recovery of saltmarshes in Portugal

机译：土地利用变化对葡萄牙盐沼恢复的影响

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摘要

Human-induced land-use changes have resulted in loss and degradation of intertidal environments worldwide. Saltmarsh ecosystem dynamics in Portugal are greatly influenced by historic uses and consequent habitat degradation. This study uses an original approach combining vegetation surveys and spatial analysis of historic maps and aerial photographs to assess the effects of land use changes on saltmarshes in two areas in the Algarve, southern Portugal. Historical maps from c. 1800 and aerial photographs from 1958 to 2010 were analyzed to map saltmarsh ecosystems and quantify land-use changes in the Alvor estuary and Arade River. Between c. 1800 and 2010 more than half of saltmarshes were lost due to dyke building and saltmarsh reclamation for agriculture. In mid-1960s, the abandonment of reclaimed agricultural areas resulted in the recolonization of saltmarsh vegetation, which developed physically separated from natural marshes. In the study area, these saltmarshes naturally evolved into two distinct typologies: (1) enclosed mixed marshes, formed by patches of brackish, freshwater and some invasive species developing due to saline intrusion in areas where dykes have not been breached; and (2) tidally-restored saltmarshes, formed in areas where dyke breaching allows incursion of tides and development of a vegetation structure similar to natural saltmarshes. In Europe, passive (without human intervention) and active (artificially planned) saltmarsh restoration are important mechanisms for voluntary or statutory re-creation of intertidal habitats. Improved understanding of the factors influencing the development of distinct saltmarsh typologies through passive ecosystem recovery can provide new insights to support decision-making concerning intertidal habitat restoration.
机译：人为引起的土地利用变化已导致全世界潮间带环境的丧失和退化。葡萄牙的盐沼生态系统动态受到历史用途和随之而来的栖息地退化的极大影响。这项研究采用了一种原始方法，结合了植被调查和历史地图以及航拍照片的空间分析，以评估土地利用变化对葡萄牙南部阿尔加维两个地区盐沼的影响。 c。的历史地图分析了1800年和1958年至2010年的航空照片，以绘制盐沼生态系统的图并量化Alvor河口和Arade河的土地利用变化。之间c。 1800年和2010年，由于堤防建设和农业的盐沼开垦，盐沼损失了一半以上。在1960年代中期，废弃的耕地被废弃，导致盐沼植被重新定殖，而盐沼植被在物理上与自然沼泽分开发展。在研究区，这些盐沼自然地演变成两种不同的类型：（1）封闭的混合沼泽，由咸淡的淡水和由于未侵入堤坝的盐分入侵而发展的一些入侵物种形成。 （2）潮汐恢复的盐沼，形成在堤防破坏允许潮汐侵入和类似于天然盐沼的植被结构发展的地区。在欧洲，被动（无人工干预）和主动（人工计划）盐沼恢复是自愿或法定重新创造潮间生境的重要机制。通过被动生态系统恢复对影响独特盐沼类型发展的因素的更好理解可以提供新的见识，以支持有关潮间带生境恢复的决策。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2014年第5期|40-49|共10页
  • 作者

    Diana Almeida; Carlos Neto; Luciana S. Esteves; Jose Carlos Costa;

  • 作者单位

    Centra de Estudos Ceograficos, Institute de Ceografia e Ordenamento do Territorio, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Ed. Faculdade de Letras, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal;

    Centra de Estudos Ceograficos, Institute de Ceografia e Ordenamento do Territorio, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Ed. Faculdade de Letras, 1600-214 Lisboa, Portugal;

    Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH125BB, United Kingdom;

    Centro de Botanica Aplicada a Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;

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