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首页> 外文期刊>Ocean & coastal management >Are fisheries-dependent communities in Scotland really maritime-dependent communities?
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Are fisheries-dependent communities in Scotland really maritime-dependent communities?

机译：苏格兰的渔业相关社区真的是海洋相关社区吗？

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It is often said that fishing is not a job, but a way of life. The traditions, culture and structure of fishing in coastal communities have been built over the centuries, supporting their development and sustaining their existence (OECD, 2007). Scotland has one of Europe's largest fishing fleets with 2,046 working vessels; around 4,800 fishers; 132 active fishing ports; and landings which totalled £466 million in 2012. However, during the last ten years, the number of vessels, people employed and active ports have all decreased and are now at the lowest levels ever recorded (though the value of landings in 2011 was at its highest since 2000 (£501 million) (Marine Scotland, 2012)). This contraction (or 'consolidation') of fishing activity has been driven by fleet efficiency and policies targeting stock recovery - targets which are now showing some success, though, arguably this has been at the expense of some 'fisheries dependent communities' (FDC). This paper looks at community well-being and the links with changes in fishing activity to ask the questions: has a decrease in fishing opportunity had a negative effect on community well-being in Scottish coastal communities?; and if so, has that effect been greater or less in rural compared to urban areas? Community well-being has been measured using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) to compare fishing communities' well-being in relation to other Scottish towns. Our main conclusions are that the decrease in fishing activity has had relatively little effect on so-called FDCs, especially those in rural areas, and that we should expand the concept of fisheries-dependent communities into the concept of marine-dependent communities (MDCs) to encapsulate the impacts the range of marine industries have on coastal communities.
机译：人们常说钓鱼不是工作，而是一种生活方式。沿海社区的渔业传统，文化和结构已经建立了多个世纪，支持了它们的发展并维持了它们的生存（OECD，2007）。苏格兰拥有欧洲最大的捕鱼船队之一，拥有2,046艘工作船。约4,800名渔民； 132个活跃的渔港； 2012年的总着陆额为4.66亿英镑。然而，在过去十年中，船舶，从业人员和活跃港口的数量均已减少，目前处于有记录以来的最低水平（尽管2011年的着陆价值为这是自2000年以来的最高水平（5.01亿英镑）（海洋苏格兰，2012）。捕捞活动的这种收缩（或“整合”）是由船队效率和针对种群恢复的政策所驱动的-尽管这些目标现在显示出一定的成功，但是可以说，这是以牺牲一些“依赖渔业的社区”（FDC）为代价的。本文着眼于社区福祉以及与捕捞活动变化的联系，以提出以下问题：减少捕捞机会是否对苏格兰沿海社区的社区福祉产生负面影响？如果是这样，与城市地区相比，农村地区的影响是否更大或更小？已使用苏格兰多重剥夺指数（SIMD）来衡量社区福祉，以比较渔业社区与其他苏格兰城镇的福祉。我们的主要结论是，捕鱼活动的减少对所谓的FDC（尤其是农村地区的FDC）影响相对较小，我们应该将依赖渔业的社区概念扩展为依赖海洋的社区（MDCs）概念概括海洋产业的范围对沿海社区的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2014年第7期|254-263|共10页
  • 作者

    Estelle Victoria Jones; Alex James Caveen; Tim Stuart Gray;

  • 作者单位

    School of Marine Science and Technology, 261 Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK,Department of Politics, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK;

    School of Marine Science and Technology, 261 Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK,Department of Politics, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK;

    Department of Politics, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK,209 Politics, 40-42 Great North Road, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;

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