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An international assessment of the environmental effects of marine energy development

机译：海洋能源开发对环境影响的国际评估

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Power generated from marine energy devices, including those that harvest power from the waves and tides, has the potential to help meet the low-carbon energy needs of many coastal nations. However, these devices, and their related mooring lines, anchoring and buoyancy systems, and power export cables are still under development, resulting in a lack of understanding of potential environmental effects of these technologies. Locations suitable for marine energy development typically consist of rough waters, strong tidal currents, large waves, and inhospitable conditions for oceanographic measurements. Coupled with novel interactions between marine animals (particularly marine mammals and fish) and marine energy devices, these high-energy environments create a challenge for accurately observing, measuring, and analyzing environmental effects. Under the auspices of the International Ocean Energy Systems (OES), a collaborative project (Annex Ⅳ) was devised to identify and facilitate sharing of existing information on potential effects of tidal turbines and wave energy converters, and to inform permitting (consenting) processes that will enable deployment of these devices. In this paper, we explore the application of a variety of scientific fields to the examination of the environmental impacts of marine renewable energy devices, through three focused analyses. These analyses were conducted as part of the Annex Ⅳ initiative and are explored in greater length in the final report for the Annex Ⅳ effort; they focus on high-priority areas of concern for marine energy development that have appeared across several nations: 1) the interaction of marine animals with turbine blades; 2) effects of underwater sound from marine energy devices on marine animals; and 3) effects on the physical systems due to energy removal and flow changes from the operation of marine energy devices. These analyses synthesize the current state of scientific understanding, informed by field monitoring, laboratory studies, and modeling efforts, and identify key data gaps that limit the information regulators and researchers can apply to future device deployments.
机译：海洋能源设备产生的电力，包括那些从海浪和潮汐中获取电力的能源，有潜力帮助满足许多沿海国家的低碳能源需求。但是，这些设备及其相关的系泊缆，锚固和浮力系统以及电力输出电缆仍在开发中，导致对这些技术的潜在环境影响缺乏了解。适用于海洋能源开发的地点通常包括汹涌的海水，强潮流，大浪和海洋条件恶劣的海洋测量条件。加上海洋动物（尤其是海洋哺乳动物和鱼类）与海洋能源设备之间的新颖相互作用，这些高能量环境对准确观察，测量和分析环境影响提出了挑战。在国际海洋能源系统（OES）的主持下，设计了一个合作项目（附件四），以识别和促进共享有关潮汐涡轮机和波浪能转换器潜在影响的现有信息，并告知许可（同意）流程，将能够部署这些设备。在本文中，我们通过三个重点分析，探索了各种科学领域在检验海洋可再生能源设备对环境的影响中的应用。这些分析是附件Ⅳ计划的一部分，在附件Ⅳ的最终报告中进行了更详尽的探讨。它们着重于在多个国家中出现的，高度关注的海洋能源开发领域：1）海洋动物与涡轮叶片的相互作用； 2）来自海洋能源设备的水下声音对海洋动物的影响； 3）由于海洋能源设备运行中的能量去除和流量变化而对物理系统造成的影响。这些分析综合了现场监视，实验室研究和建模工作提供的科学知识的现状，并确定了关键的数据空白，这些空白限制了信息监管者和研究人员可以应用于未来的设备部署。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2014年第10期|3-13|共11页
  • 作者

    Andrea Copping; Hoyt Battey; Jocelyn Brown-Saracino; Meghan Massaua; Courtney Smith;

  • 作者单位

    Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA 98382, USA;

    Wind and Water Power Technologies Office, US Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20017, USA;

    Wind and Water Power Technologies Office, US Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20017, USA ,New West Technologies, LLC, Washington, DC 20024, USA;

    New West Technologies, LLC, Washington, DC 20024, USA;

    Wind and Water Power Technologies Office, US Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20017, USA;

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