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A rapid watershed assessment approach for assessing the condition of small, coastal watersheds: Protocol and case study

机译：快速流域评估方法，用于评估沿海小流域的状况：方案和案例研究

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摘要

Human population pressures in coastal drainage basins have increasingly contributed to degraded estuarine habitats. Yet, there are no approaches for rapidly characterizing watersheds and for identifying sources of environmental degradation that affect estuarine habitat and water quality. A rapid watershed assessment (RWA) protocol is described that uses 15 indicators from both contributing watersheds and receptor estuaries to assess coastal watershed condition. The protocol was applied to five small, coastal watersheds to illustrate strengths and limitations of the approach and its sensitivity in quantifying differences in condition among the watersheds. The RWA found that the poor condition of the tested coastal watersheds were due to both problems in the contributing watersheds (primarily due to agriculture and field drainage ditches) and problems in the receptor estuaries (primarily due to pollution leading to closed shellfish beds and channel maintenance detrimentally affecting benthic habitats). Indicator data were robust enough to differentiate variations in condition among indicators and sufficient to identify problems that needed to be addressed in contributing watersheds and receptor estuaries. Thus, indicator output can be used to diagnose problems in ways that can guide planning at a small watershed scale, identify ways to minimize future impacts, and help prioritize strategies for improving or enhancing current conditions. Because the RWA protocol integrates the types of data that are readily available for small estuaries, it provides a useful framework that could be adapted for use in small coastal watersheds and sub-estuaries elsewhere.
机译：沿海流域的人口压力日益加剧了河口栖息地的退化。但是，还没有方法可以快速刻画流域的特征，并确定影响河口栖息地和水质的环境退化的根源。描述了一种快速流域评估（RWA）协议，该协议使用来自贡献性流域和受体河口的15个指标来评估沿海流域状况。该协议被应用于五个沿海小流域，以说明该方法的优势和局限性及其在量化流域状况差异方面的敏感性。 RWA发现，经过测试的沿海集水区状况不佳，既是造成集水区的问题（主要是由于农业和农田排水沟造成的），又是受体河口的问题（主要是由于污染导致贝类河床封闭和河道维护）对底栖生境造成不利影响）。指标数据足够强大，可以区分指标之间的状况变化，也足以确定在分水岭和受体河口中需要解决的问题。因此，指标输出可用于以以下方式诊断问题：在小流域范围内指导规划，确定最小化未来影响的方式以及帮助确定改善或增强当前状况的策略的优先级。由于RWA协议集成了可供小河口使用的数据类型，因此它提供了一个有用的框架，可适用于沿海小流域和其他地方的子河口。

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  • 来源
    《Ocean & coastal management》 |2013年第1期|238-255|共18页
  • 作者

    Mark Brinson; Richard Rheinhardt; Ron Ferrell; Bonnie Duncan; Larry Hobbs; David McNaught; Jennifer Phelan; Doug Rader;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;

    Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA;

    Watershed Innovations, 7129 Sarahwood Court, Willow Spring, NC 27592, USA;

    Watershed Innovations, 7129 Sarahwood Court, Willow Spring, NC 27592, USA;

    Hobbs Environmental Consulting, 2711 Rosedale Ave., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;

    Environmental Defense Fund, 4000 Westchase Blvd., Suite 510, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;

    RTI International, P.O. 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;

    Environmental Defense Fund, 4000 Westchase Blvd., Suite 510, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;

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