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Towards sustainability of marine governance: Challenges and enablers for stakeholder integration in transboundary marine spatial planning in the Baltic Sea

机译:努力实现海洋治理的可持续性:波罗的海跨界海洋空间规划中利益相关者整合的挑战和推动力

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摘要

Integrating stakeholder knowledge, views and needs in marine or maritime spatial planning (MSP) processes is important from a governance and social sustainability perspective both for MSP practitioners and for the evolving field of MSP research. Transboundary MSP appears particularly challenging for participation, which is why it is important to identify opportunities and address obstacles for stakeholder integration in this specific context. This article examines how stakeholder integration is currently practiced in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR), an enclosed sea where policy coherence and addressing conflicting interests across borders are especially relevant. It synthesises a range of challenges and enablers for stakeholder participation and mobilisation that have emerged from two transboundary MSP research and development projects, BaltSpace and Baltic SCOPE. The article finds that with the exception of statutory authorities, stakeholder engagement in the BSR is mostly limited to self-motivated stakeholders and consultation rather than more inclusive forms of participation. This can reduce the quality and legitimacy of MSP processes and risks to concentrate power in the hands of a small group of actors. For transboundary stakeholder integration to become more interactive and effective, five types of challenges need attention, regarding a) timing, b) governance systems, c) capacity and processes, d) stakeholder characteristics and e) knowledge and language. These obstacles can be addressed by (1) a dedicated research and development agenda that critically reflects on integrative tools and processes, and (2) by encouraging transnational institutions in the BSR to devote more resources to transboundary stakeholder integration and adopt flexible and adaptive strategies and tools that can facilitate stakeholder involvement throughout the MSP policy cycle.
机译:从管理和社会可持续发展的角度来看,将利益相关者的知识,观点和需求整合到海洋或海洋空间规划(MSP)流程中,对于MSP从业人员和MSP研究的不断发展领域都至关重要。跨界MSP似乎对参与特别具有挑战性,这就是为什么在这种特定情况下识别机会并解决利益相关方整合的障碍很重要的原因。本文探讨了波罗的海地区(BSR)当前是如何实现利益相关者整合的。波罗的海地区是一个封闭的海域,政策连贯性和解决跨境利益冲突特别重要。它综合了来自两个跨界MSP研究与开发项目BaltSpace和Baltic SCOPE的一系列挑战和促成利益相关者参与和动员的因素。该文章发现,除法定机构外,利益相关方参与BSR的活动主要限于自我激励的利益相关方和咨询,而不是更具包容性的参与形式。这会降低MSP流程的质量和合法性,并降低将权力集中在少数参与者手中的风险。为了使跨境利益相关者整合变得更加互动和有效,需要注意五类挑战,涉及以下方面:a)时间安排,b)治理系统,c)能力和流程,d)利益相关者特征以及e)知识和语言。这些障碍可以通过以下方式解决:(1)专门研究和开发议程,对集成工具和过程进行批判性思考;(2)鼓励BSR中的跨国机构为跨境利益相关者整合投入更多资源,并采用灵活的适应性策略,可在整个MSP政策周期中促进利益相关者参与的工具。

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