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Challenges and opportunities of implementing the marine and coastal areas for indigenous peoples policy in Chile

机译：在智利落实土着人民政策的海洋和沿海地区的挑战与机遇

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摘要

The Marine and Coastal Areas for Indigenous Peoples (MCAIP) policy in Chile has the potential for scaling up marine biodiversity and cultural conservation through assigning access and management rights over marine areas to indigenous communities. While the policy is dominated by state institutions and frames management under western science protocols, it offers the opportunity to control unregulated activities, restore marine ecosystems and develop management plans which include traditional knowledge. In this article we review the policy implementation process and highlight current opportunities and threats, which if left unattended could jeopardize the policy. Currently, 91 areas have been requested by indigenous communities and are at various stages of the application and implementation process. Current spatial scale status at different levels of application procedure represent nearly 31.959 km(2) of marine coastal zones. Key challenges of policy implementation relate to differences in worldviews between Indigenous communities and state institutions. Problems also relate to time frames and financial resources for the implementation of the policy and conflict which arises from concerns from non-indigenous artisanal fishers, who have legal access rights to fisheries, under the narrative that new access rights would limit existing livelihood alternatives and increase fishing pressure with the consequent diminishment of resources. Ensuring a legitimate implementation of the policy is a key starting point to enable further recognition of indigenous communities' rights for self-determination in Chile.
机译：智利的土着人民（MCAIP）政策的海洋和沿海地区通过将海洋地区的访问和管理权转让给土着社区来扩大海洋生物多样性和文化保护。虽然该政策由西方科学协议下的国家机构和框架管理主导，但它提供了控制不受管制的活动，恢复海洋生态系统和制定包括传统知识的管理计划的机会。在本文中，我们审查了政策实施过程，并强调了当前的机会和威胁，如果留下无人看管可以危及政策。目前，土着群落要求91个地区，并处于申请和实施过程的各个阶段。当前应用程序过程中的当前空间尺度状态代表近31.959公里（2）米的海洋沿海地区。政策实施的主要挑战与土着社区与国家机构之间世界观的差异有关。问题还涉及实施政策和冲突的时间框架和财政资源，这些资源来自非土着手工渔民的担忧，他在新的获取权限将限制现有的生计替代方案和增加的叙述下，有关渔业的非本土手工渔民。钓鱼压力随之而来的资源递减。确保政策的合法实施是能够进一步承认本土社区在智利中的自决权的权力方面的关键起点。

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