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Numerical modeling of general circulation, thermohaline structure, and residence time in Gorgan Bay, Iran

机译：伊朗戈根湾的一般环流，热盐结构和停留时间的数值模拟

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摘要

Gorgan Bay is a semi-enclosed basin located in the southeast of the Caspian Sea, Iran. The bay is recognized as a resting place for migratory birds as well as a spawning habitat for native fish. However, apparently, no detailed research on its physical processes has previously been conducted. In this study, a 3D coupled hydrodynamic and solute transport model was used to investigate general circulation, thermohaline structure, and residence time in Gorgan Bay. Model outputs were validated against a set of field observations. Bottom friction and attenuation coefficient of light intensity were tuned in order to achieve optimum agreement with the observations. Results revealed that, due to the interaction between bathymetry and prevailing winds, a barotropic double-gyre circulation, dominating the general circulation, existed during all seasons in Gorgan Bay. Furthermore, temperature and salinity fluctuations in the bay were seasonal, due to the seasonal variability of atmospheric fluxes. Results also indicated that under the prevailing winds, the domain-averaged residence time in Gorgan Bay would be approximately 95 days. The rivers discharging into Gorgan Bay are considered as the main sources of nutrients in the bay. Since their mouths are located in the area with a residence time of over 100 days, Gorgan Bay could be at risk of eutrophication; it is necessary to adopt preventive measures against water quality degradation.
机译：Gorgan湾是位于伊朗里海东南部的半封闭盆地。海湾被公认为是候鸟的栖息地以及本地鱼类的产卵地。但是，显然，以前尚未对其物理过程进行详细的研究。在这项研究中，使用3D耦合的水动力和溶质运移模型研究了Gorgan湾的总体环流，热盐结构和停留时间。根据一组现场观察结果验证了模型输出。调整底部摩擦力和光强度衰减系数，以便与观察结果达到最佳一致性。结果表明，由于测深法和盛行风之间的相互作用，在戈根湾的所有季节中都存在着以正压双旋流为主的总环流。此外，由于大气通量的季节变化，海湾的温度和盐度波动是季节性的。结果还表明，在盛行风的作用下，在Gorgan湾的平均域停留时间约为95天。排入Gorgan湾的河流被认为是该湾营养的主要来源。由于他们的嘴位于居住时间超过100天的区域，因此Gorgan湾可能会富营养化；必须采取预防措施以防止水质下降。

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