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Source term balance in a severe storm in the Southern North Sea

机译：北海南部强风暴中的源期平衡

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This paper presents the results of a wave hindcast of a severe storm in the Southern North Sea to verify recently developed deep and shallow water source terms. The work was carried out in the framework of the ONR funded NOPP project (Tolman et al. 2013) in which deep and shallow water source terms were developed for use in third-generation wave prediction models. These deep water source terms for whitecapping, wind input and nonlinear interactions were developed, implemented and tested primarily in the WAVEWATCH III model, whereas shallow water source terms for depth-limited wave breaking and triad interactions were developed, implemented and tested primarily in the SWAN wave model. So far, the new deep-water source terms for whitecapping were not fully tested in shallow environments. Similarly, the shallow water source terms were not yet tested in large inter-mediate depth areas like the North Sea. As a first step in assessing the performance of these newly developed source terms, the source term balance and the effect of different physical settings on the prediction of wave heights and wave periods in the relatively shallow North Sea was analysed. The December 2013 storm was hindcast with a SWAN model implementation for the North Sea. Spectral wave boundary conditions were obtained from an Atlantic Ocean WAVEWATCH III model implementation and the model was driven by hourly CFSR wind fields. In the southern part of the North Sea, current and water level effects were included. The hindcast was performed with five different settings for whitecapping, viz. three Komen type whitecapping formulations, the saturation-based whitecapping by Van der Westhuysen et al. (2007) and the recently developed ST6 whitecapping as described by Zieger et al. (2015). Results of the wave hindcast were compared with buoy measurements at location K13 collected by the Dutch Ministry of Transport and Public Works. An analysis was made of the source term balance at three locations, the deep water location North Cormorant, the inter-mediate depth location K13 and at location Wielingen, a shallow water location close to the Dutch coast. The results indicate that at deep water the source terms for wind input, whitecapping and nonlinear four-wave interactions are of the same magnitude. At the inter-mediate depth location K13, bottom friction plays a significant role, whereas at the shallow water location Wielingen also depth-limited wave breaking becomes important.
机译：本文介绍了北海南部严重风暴的波后预报结果，以验证最近开发的深水和浅水源项。这项工作是在ONR资助的NOPP项目（Tolman等，2013）的框架内进行的，该项目开发了深水源和浅水源术语，用于第三代波浪预测模型。这些用于白盖，风输入和非线性相互作用的深水源术语主要是在WAVEWATCH III模型中开发，实施和测试的，而用于深度受限的波浪破碎和三重轴相互作用的浅水源术语主要是在SWAN中开发，实施和测试的波浪模型。迄今为止，用于浅水封顶的新深水源术语在浅层环境中尚未得到充分测试。同样，浅水源条件还没有在北海等中等深度的中等地区进行测试。作为评估这些新开发的源项的性能的第一步，分析了源项平衡和不同物理设置对相对浅的北海中波高和波周期的预测的影响。 2013年12月的暴风雨是北海采用SWAN模型实施的后预报。光谱波边界条件是从大西洋WAVEWATCH III模型实现中获得的，并且该模型是由每小时CFSR风场驱动的。在北海的南部，包括水流和水位效应。后播使用五种不同的设置来进行白上限，即。 Van der Westhuysen等人提出了三种基于Komen的白上限配方，即基于饱和的白上限。 （2007年）和Zieger等人最近描述的ST6白上限。 （2015）。将波后传播的结果与荷兰运输和公共工程部在K13位置收集的浮标进行了比较。对三个位置的源项平衡进行了分析，这三个位置分别是北Co​​r深水位置，中间深度K13和维林根位置（靠近荷兰海岸的浅水位置）。结果表明，在深水处，风输入，白盖和非线性四波相互作用的源项具有相同的大小。在中间深度K13处，底部摩擦起着重要作用，而在浅水处Wielingen处，深度受限的波浪破碎也很重要。

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