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Suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of a San Francisco Bay tributary

机译：旧金山湾支流潮汐段的悬浮泥沙动力学

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To better understand suspended-sediment transport in a tidal slough adjacent to a large wetland restoration project, we deployed continuously measuring temperature, salinity, depth, turbidity, and velocity sensors in 2010 at a near-bottom location in Alviso Slough (Alviso, California, USA). Alviso Slough is the downstream reach of the Guadalupe River and flows into the far southern end of San Francisco Bay. River flow is influenced by the Mediterranean climate, with high flows (90 m(3) s(-1)) correlated to episodic winter storms and low base flow (0.85 m(3) s(-1)) during the summer. Storms and associated runoff have a large influence on sediment flux for brief periods, but the annual peak sediment concentrations in the slough, which occur in April and May, are similar to the rest of this part of the bay and are not directly related to peak discharge events. Strong spring tides promote a large upstream sediment flux as a front associated with the passage of a salt wedge during flood tide. Neap tides do not have flood-directed fronts, but a front seen sometimes during ebb tide appears to be associated with the breakdown of stratification in the slough. During neap tides, stratification likely suppresses sediment transport during weaker flood and ebb tides. The slough is flood dominant during spring tides, and ebb dominant during neap tides. Extreme events in landward (salt wedge) and bayward (rainfall events) suspended-sediment flux account for 5.0 % of the total sediment flux in the slough and only 0.55 % of the samples. The remaining 95 % of the total sediment flux is due to tidal transport, with an imbalance in the daily tidal transport producing net landward flux. Overall, net sediment transport during this study was landward indicating that sediment in the sloughs may not be flushed to the bay and are available for sedimentation in the adjacent marshes and ponds.
机译：为了更好地了解与大型湿地恢复项目相邻的潮汐泥沼中的悬浮泥沙输送，我们于2010年在Alviso Slough（加利福尼亚州Alviso，位于加利福尼亚州Alviso）附近的一个底部位置连续部署了温度，盐度，深度，浊度和速度传感器的测量美国）。 Alviso Slough是瓜达卢佩河的下游河段，并流入旧金山湾的最南端。河流流量受地中海气候的影响，夏季的暴雨与高流量（90 m（3）s（-1））相关，冬季的基流较低（0.85 m（3）s（-1））。暴风雨和相关的径流在短期内对泥沙通量有很大影响，但每年4月和5月在泥沼中的年度峰值泥沙浓度与海湾其他部分相似，与峰值没有直接关系。放电事件。强烈的春季潮汐会促进大的上游沉积物通量，因为潮汐潮汐期间与盐楔的通过相关联。潮汐潮没有洪水导向的前沿，但是有时在退潮期间有时会看到的前沿与泥沼中的分层破裂有关。在潮汐潮中，分层可能会抑制洪水和退潮时的泥沙输送。在春季潮汐中，泥沼以洪水为主，而在潮汐潮汐中则以退潮为主。陆上（盐楔）和贝类（降雨事件）悬浮泥沙通量的极端事件占泥沼总泥沙通量的5.0％，仅占样品的0.55％。剩余的总泥沙通量的95％是由于潮汐输送，而每日潮汐输送的不平衡会产生净陆上通量。总体而言，在这项研究期间，沉积物的净输运是陆运的，这表明泥沼中的沉积物可能没有冲向海湾，而是可以在相邻的沼泽和池塘中沉积。

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