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Frontal circulation induced by up-front and coastal downwelling winds

机译：前风和沿海下降风引起的额叶环流

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摘要

Two-dimensional (cross-shelf and depth) circulation by downwelling wind in the presence of a prograding front (with isopycnals that slope in the same direction as the topographic slope) over a continental shelf is studied using high-resolution numerical experiments. The physical process of interest is the cross-shelf circulation produced by northeasterly monsoon winds acting on the Kuroshio front over the East China Sea outer shelf and shelfbreak where upwelling is often observed. However, a general problem is posed and solved by idealized numerical and analytical models. It is shown that upwelling is produced shoreward of the front. The upwelling is maintained by (1) a surface bulge of negative vorticity at the head of the front; (2) bottom offshore convergence beneath the front; and (3) in the case of a surface front that is thin relative to water depth, also by upwelling due to the vorticity sheet under the front. The nearcoast downwelling produces intense mixing due to both upright and slant-wise convection in regions of positive potential vorticity. The analytical model shows that the size and on-shore propagating speed of the bulge are determined by the wind and its shape is governed by a nonlinear advection-dispersion equation which yields unchanging wave-form solutions. Successive bulges can detach from the front under a steady wind. Vertical circulation cells develop under the propagating bulges despite a stable stratification. These cells can have important consequences to vertical exchanges of tracers and water masses.
机译：使用高分辨率数值实验研究了大陆架上存在渐进锋面（等坡线沿与地形坡度相同的方向倾斜）存在下的向下风的二维（横架和深度）循环。感兴趣的物理过程是由东北风季风影响东海外陆架和陆架断裂的黑潮锋所产生的跨架环流，在该处经常观测到上升。然而，一个普遍的问题是由理想化的数值和分析模型提出并解决的。结果表明，上升流是在前缘向岸产生的。上升流是由（1）正面头部的负涡旋表面隆起维持的； （2）底部下方的海底汇合处； （3）在表面前部相对于水深较薄的情况下，也由于前部下方的涡流片而向上隆起。由于正对流和斜向对流在正潜在涡度区域内，近岸下降流产生强烈的混合作用。分析模型表明，膨胀的大小和在岸上的传播速度取决于风，并且其形状由非线性对流扩散方程控制，该方程产生不变的波形解。连续的凸起会在稳定的风下从正面脱离。尽管分层稳定，垂直的循环细胞仍在繁殖的凸起下发育。这些细胞可能对示踪剂和水团的垂直交换产生重要影响。

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