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On the processes that influence the transport and fate of Mississippi waters under flooding outflow conditions

机译：在洪水溢流条件下影响密西西比水域运输和命运的过程

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摘要

The Mississippi River (MR) freshwater outflow is a major circulation forcing mechanism for the Northern Gulf of Mexico. We investigate the transport and fate of the brackish waters under flood conditions. The largest outflow in history (45,000 m3/s in 2011) is compared with the second largest outflow in the last 8 years (41,000 m3/s in 2008). Realistically forced simulations reveal the synergistic effect of enhanced discharge, winds, stratification of ambient shelf waters, and offshore circulation over the transport of plume waters. The strongest impact is attributed to the evolution of the Loop Current (LC) and associated frontal cyclonic eddies and anticyclonic rings, which exhibited distinctly different influence during the two study periods. The northward LC intrusion in the summer of 2011 weakened and blocked the buoyancy-driven downstream (westward) transport of brackish waters. The 2011 flood was thus characterized by upstream (eastward) flow and an extensive coverage of the Mississippi–Alabama–Florida shelf. An immediate response between the LC and the brackish offshore eastward spreading is computed during and after this historic event. The absence of a LC northward intrusion during the 2008 flood, in combination with wind effects, promotes downstream advection of MR waters towards the Louisiana–Texas shelf; large amounts of buoyant waters are also retained near the Delta, subject to local offshore advection under the synergistic action of LC-associated counter-rotating eddies.
机译：密西西比河（MR）的淡水流出是墨西哥北部湾的主要循环强迫机制。我们调查了咸水在咸水条件下的运输和命运。将历史上最大的流出量（2011年为45,000立方米/秒）与过去8年的第二大流出量（2008年为41,000立方米/秒）进行比较。逼真的模拟显示出了增强的排放，风，周围架子水的分层以及羽状水运输过程中的近海循环的协同效应。影响最大的归因于回路电流（LC）以及相关的额叶气旋涡和反气旋环的演变，这在两个研究期间表现出明显不同的影响。 2011年夏季，向北LC的入侵减弱并阻止了由浮力驱动的咸水向下游（向西）的运输。因此，2011年的洪水以上游（向东）流量和密西西比州-阿拉巴马州-佛罗里达架子的广泛覆盖为特征。在此历史性事件发生期间和之后，将计算出LC和咸淡的近海东扩之间的即时响应。在2008年洪水期间，没有LC向北侵入，加上风的影响，促使MR水向下游向路易斯安那-得克萨斯大陆架平流。在与LC相关的反向旋转涡流的协同作用下，大量浮力水也保留在三角洲附近，并受到局部海上平流作用。

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