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An assessment of the mixed layer salinity budget in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Observations and modelling (1990–2009)

机译：对热带太平洋混合层盐度预算的评估。观测和建模（1990–2009年）

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This paper investigates mechanisms controlling the mixed-layer salinity (MLS) in the tropical Pacific during 1990–2009. We use monthly 1° × 1° gridded observations of salinity, horizontal current and fresh water flux, and a validated ocean general circulation model with no direct MLS relaxation in both its full resolution (0.25° and 5 days) and re-sampled as the observation time/space grid resolution. The present study shows that the mean spatial distribution of MLS results from a subtle balance between surface forcing (E − P, evaporation minus precipitation), horizontal advection (at low and high frequencies) and subsurface forcing (entrainment and mixing), all terms being of analogous importance. Large-scale seasonal MLS variability is found mainly in the Intertropical and South Pacific Convergence Zones due to changes in their meridional location (and related heavy P), in the North Equatorial Counter Currents, and partly in the subsurface forcing. Maximum interannual variability is found in the western Pacific warm pool and in both convergence zones, in relation to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. In the equatorial band, this later variability is due chiefly to the horizontal advection of low salinity waters from the western to the central-eastern basin during El Niño (and vice versa during La Niña), with contrasted evolution for the Eastern and Central Pacific ENSO types. Our findings reveal that all terms of the MLS equation, including high-frequency (<1 month) salinity advection, have to be considered to close the salinity budget, ruling out the use of MLS (or sea surface salinity) only to directly infer the mean, seasonal and/or interannual fresh water fluxes.
机译：本文研究了控制1990-2009年热带太平洋混合层盐度（MLS）的机制。我们使用盐度，水平水流和淡水通量的每月1°×1°网格观测值，以及经过验证的海洋总环流模型，其全分辨率（0.25°和5天）均没有直接的MLS松弛，并重新采样为观测时间/空间网格分辨率。本研究表明，MLS的平均空间分布是由表面强迫（E-P，蒸发减去降水），水平对流（低频和高频）和地下强迫（夹带和混合）之间的微妙平衡产生的。具有相似的重要性。大型MLS季节性变化主要在热带和南太平洋收敛带中发现，这是由于其子午线位置（和相关的重P），北赤道逆流以及部分地表下强迫的变化。与厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）事件有关，在西太平洋暖池和两个收敛带中发现了最大的年际变化。在赤道带，这种后期的变化主要是由于低盐度水在厄尔尼诺时期从西部到中东部盆地的水平对流（反之亦然在拉尼娜时期），而东部和中部太平洋ENSO的演变则相反类型。我们的发现表明，必须考虑MLS方程的所有项，包括高频（<1个月）盐度平流，以关闭盐度预算，排除使用MLS（或海面盐度）只是为了直接推断平均，季节性和/或年度间的淡水通量。

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