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机译：鸟类

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Some opportunistic vertebrates exploit, and may largely rely upon, food generated by human activities. Better understanding the influence of this additional anthropogenic food on species' ecology would inform sustainable waste management. In the Balearic Archipelago of Spain, closure of an open-air landfill site provided an experimental setting to measure the effect of removing anthropogenic food on the average body mass, breeding parameters and body condition of opportunistic Yellow-legged Gulls Larus michahellis. After landfill closure there was a significant decline in the average body mass of breeding females and males (-10.4 and -7.8%, respectively), in average egg volume (-4.8%), and a shift in the modal clutch size from three to two eggs. Body condition decreased after landfill closure in both sexes. In breeding females, the drop in body weight was greater for birds with a low body size index. The differential response to a reduction of anthropogenic food between small and large birds suggests that food of anthropogenic origin contributes to tempering the effects of natural selection, making the long-term demographic effects of changes in food supply difficult to predict.

机译：一些机会主义的脊椎动物利用并可能主要依靠人类活动产生的食物。更好地了解这种额外的人为食物对物种生态的影响将有助于可持续的废物管理。在西班牙的巴利阿里群岛，露天垃圾掩埋场的关闭提供了一个实验环境，以测量去除人为食物对机会性黄足鸥Larus michahellis的平均体重，繁殖参数和身体状况的影响。垃圾掩埋场关闭后，育种雌性和雄性的平均体重显着下降（分别为-10.4和-7.8％），平均卵量（-4.8％）以及模式离合器的大小从三个变为两个鸡蛋。垃圾填埋场关闭后，男女的身体状况均下降。在繁殖雌性中，体重指数低的鸟的体重下降更大。大小禽之间对减少人为食物的不同反应表明，人为来源的食物有助于缓解自然选择的影响，这使得人们难以预测食物供应变化的长期人口统计学影响。

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《Oceanographic Literature Review》 |2015年第9期|2151-2156|共6页
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