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MARICULTURE and FISHERIES

机译：武术和渔业

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Aquaculture is central in meeting expanding global demands for shrimp consumption. Consequently, increasing feed use is mainly responsible for the overall environmental impact of aquaculture production. Significant amounts of fishmeal are included in shrimp diets, causing dependency on finite marine resources. Driven by economic incentives, terrestrial plant ingredients are widely viewed as sustainable alternatives. Incremental fishmeal substitution by plant ingredients in shrimp feed was modeled and effects on marine and terrestrial resources such as fish, land, freshwater, nitrogen, and phosphorus were assessed. We find that complete substitution of 20-30% fishmeal totals could lead to increasing demand for freshwater (up to 63%), land (up to 81%), and phosphorus (up to 83%), while other substitution rates lead to proportionally lower impacts. These findings suggest additional pressures on essential agricultural resources with associated socio-economic and environmental effects as a trade-off to pressures on finite marine resources. Even though the production of shrimp feed (or aquafeed in general) utilizes only a small percentage of the global crop production, the findings indicate that the sustainability of substituting fishmeal by plant ingredients should not be taken for granted, especially since aquaculture has been one of the fastest growing food sectors. Therefore, the importance of utilizing by-products and novel ingredients such as microbial biomass, algae, and insect meals in mitigating the use of marine and terrestrial resources is discussed.
机译：水产养殖在满足全球对虾消费不断增长的需求方面至关重要。因此，饲料用量的增加是水产养殖生产对环境总体影响的主要原因。虾饮食中包含大量鱼粉，导致对有限海洋资源的依赖。在经济激励措施的推动下，陆生植物成分被广泛视为可持续的替代品。对虾饲料中植物成分替代鱼粉的行为进行了建模，并评估了对海洋和陆地资源（如鱼类，土地，淡水，氮和磷）的影响。我们发现，完全替代20-30％的鱼粉可能导致对淡水（高达63％），土地（高达81％）和磷（高达83％）的需求增加，而其他替代率则成比例地增加较低的影响。这些发现表明，对基本农业资源的附加压力具有相关的社会经济和环境影响，这是对有限海洋资源压力的一种权衡。尽管虾饲料（或一般的水产饲料）的产量仅占全球作物产量的一小部分，但调查结果表明，不应以植物成分替代鱼粉的可持续性，尤其是因为水产养殖已成为其中一种。增长最快的食品部门。因此，讨论了利用副产物和新型成分（例如微生物生物量，藻类和昆虫粉）在减轻海洋和陆地资源利用方面的重要性。

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    《Oceanographic Literature Review》 |2019年第9期|2068-2081|共14页
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