S.A. Bedgood, S.E. Mastroni and M.E.S. Bracken Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2020 287/1940 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States Mutualistic symbioses are common, especially in nutrient-poor environments where an association between hosts and symbionts can allow the symbiotic partners to persist and collectively out-compete non-symbiotic species. Usually these mutualisms are built on an intimate transfer of energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon and nitrogen) between host and symbiont. However, resource availability is not consistent, and the benefit of the symbiotic association can depend on the availability of resources to mutu-alists. We manipulated the diets of two temperate sea anemone species in the genus Anthopleura in the field and recorded the responses of sea anemones and algal symbionts in the family Symbiodiniaceae to our treatments. Algal symbiont density, symbiont volume and photosynthetic efficiency of symbionts responded to changes in sea anemone diet, but the responses depended on the species of sea anemone. We suggest that temperate sea anemones and their symbionts can respond to changes in anemone diet, modifying the balance between heterotrophy and autotrophy in the symbiosis. Our data support the hypothesis that symbionts are upregulated or downregulated based on food availability, allowing for a flexible nutritional strategy based on external resources.
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机译：S.A. Bedgood，S.E. mastroni和m.s.s. Bracken of Royal Society B：生物科学2020 287/1940加州大学生态学和进化生物学系，321 Steinhaus Hall，Irvine，CA，92697，美国互化的Symbioss是常见的，特别是在营养不良的环境中主持人和共生之间的关联可以让共生合作伙伴持续和集体竞争非共生物种。通常，这些相互主义是基于宿主和分析器之间的能量和营养素（例如碳和氮）的敏感性。然而，资源可用性并不一致，共生协会的利益可以取决于对霸权的资源的可用性。我们在该领域的Anthopleura属中的两种温带海葵物种的饮食，并记录了海葵和藻类辛苦在家庭Symbiodiniaceae中的回应我们的治疗方法。藻类Symbiont密度，Symbiont的Symbiont体积和光合效率对海葵饮食的变化作出反应，但反应依赖于海葵的种类。我们建议温带海葵及其共生可以反应海葵饮食的变化，修改异营养素与共生中的自养和肌肤萎缩之间的平衡。我们的数据支持假设，即Symbionts根据食品可用性上调或下调，允许基于外部资源的灵活营养策略。
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