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Fukushima and Ocean Radioactivity

机译:福岛与海洋放射性

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摘要

The triple disaster of the March 11, 2011, earthquake, tsunami, and subsequent radiation releases from Japans Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant were unprecedented events for the ocean and society. In this article, the radioactive releases from this event are compared to natural and prior human sources, with particular attention to cesium-137 and -134 radioisotopes. Total releases from Fukushima are not well constrained, with estimates from atmospheric fallout and direct ocean discharge spanning 4 to 90 peta Becquerels (PBq), but are most likely in the 15-30 PBq range. This source is smaller than any ~(137)Cs remaining in the North Pacific from global and close-in fallout from the 1960s. It is of similar magnitude to ~(137)Cs released to the ocean from the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site on the Irish Sea, though of greater magnitude than fallout that reached the ocean from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in the Ukraine. The fate of Cs is largely determined by its soluble nature in seawater, though uptake in sediments does occur via cesium's association with both detrital particles and biological uptake and sedimentation. A mass balance of Cs supply from rivers and ongoing leakage from nuclear power plants suggests that sediments will remain contaminated for decades. This may be one reason why Cs concentrations in benthic fish stay elevated over predictions, causing fisheries to remain closed near Fukushima and ongoing concern to the public.
机译:2011年3月11日的三重灾难,地震,海啸以及日本福岛第一核电站随后释放的辐射,对于海洋和社会都是前所未有的事件。在本文中,将该事件的放射性释放与自然和先前的人类来源进行了比较,尤其要注意铯137和-134放射性同位素。福岛的总释放量没有受到很好的限制,大气沉降和直接海洋排放量的估计范围为4至90 peta Becquerels(PBq),但最有可能在15-30 PBq范围内。这个来源比1960年代以来全球和近距离尘埃余留在北太平洋的任何〜(137)C都小。它的强度与从爱尔兰海的塞拉菲尔德核反应场释放到海洋中的〜(137)Cs相似,尽管其强度大于从1986年乌克兰切尔诺贝利核电站灾难到达海洋的辐射。 Cs的命运在很大程度上取决于其在海水中的可溶性,尽管沉积物中的铯的吸收确实是通过铯与碎屑颗粒的结合以及生物的吸收和沉淀而发生的。来自河流的Cs供给和核电厂不断泄漏的质量平衡表明,沉积物将继续受到污染数十年。这可能是底栖鱼类中Cs浓度持续高于预测水平,导致福岛附近的渔业关闭,公众持续关注的原因之一。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2014年第1期|92-105|共14页
  • 作者

    KEN O. BUESSELER;

  • 作者单位

    Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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