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Structure and Drivers of Cold Seep Ecosystems

机译：冷渗生态系统的结构和驱动因素

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摘要

Submarine hydrocarbon seeps are geologically driven "hotspots" of increased biological activity on the seabed. As part of the HERMES project, several sites of natural hydrocarbon seepage in the European seas were investigated in detail, including mud volcanoes and pockmarks, in study areas extending from the Nordic margin, to the Gulf of Cadiz, to the Mediterranean and Black seas. High-resolution seabed maps and the main properties of key seep sites are presented here. Individual seeps show ecosystem zonation related to the strength of the methane flux and distinct biogeochemical processes in surface sediments. A feature common to many seeps is the formation of authigenic carbonate constructions. These constructions exhibit various morphologies ranging from large pavements and fragmented slabs to chimneys and mushroom-shaped mounds, and they form hard substrates colonized by fixed fauna. Gas hydrate dissociation could contribute to sustain seep chemosynthetic communities over several thousand years following large gas-release events.
机译：海底烃渗漏是由地质驱动的“热点”，海底生物活动增加。作为HERMES项目的一部分，在从北欧边缘到加的斯湾，地中海和黑海的研究区域，对欧洲海洋中的几种天然碳氢化合物渗漏进行了详细调查，包括泥火山和麻子。此处介绍了高分辨率海底地图和关键渗漏点的主要属性。单个渗流显示出与甲烷通量强度和表层沉积物中独特的生物地球化学过程有关的生态系统分区。许多渗水的共同特征是自生碳酸盐构造的形成。这些建筑展现出各种形态，从大的人行道和破碎的楼板到烟囱和蘑菇形的土墩，它们形成固定的动物群定殖的坚硬基质。在发生大量气体释放事件后的数千年中，天然气水合物的分解可能有助于维持渗流的化学合成群落。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2008年第4期|92-109|共18页
  • 作者

    JEAN-PAUL FOUCHER; GRAHAM K. WESTBROOK; ANTJE BOETIUS; SILVIA CERAMICOLA; STEPHANIE DUPRE; JEAN MASCLE; JUERGEN MIENERT; OLAF PFANNKUCHE; CATHERINE PIERRE; DANIEL PRAEG;

  • 作者单位

    Geosciences Marines, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzane, France;

    School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK;

    Microbial Habitat Group Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany;

    Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Sgonico (TS), Italy;

    Laboratoire d'Oceanographie et du Climat: Experimentation et Approches Numeriques (LOCEAN), Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France;

    Geosciences Azur (UMR 6526), Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche sur Mer, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France;

    Department of Geology, University of Tromso, Norway;

    Leibniz-Institute of Marine Sciences IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany;

    Laboratoire d'Oceanographie et du Climat: Experimentation et Approches Numeriques (LOCEAN), Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France;

    Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Sgonico (TS), Italy;

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