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Ten; Years of Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Analysis

机译:十;化合物特定的放射性碳分析年

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摘要

Sixty years ago, scientists demonstrated that cosmic rays react with nitrogen (~(14)N) in the atmosphere, substituting a neutron for a proton to produce ~(14)C (Libby, 1946; Libby et al., 1949). Soon it was discovered that ~(14)C is radioactive and that this isotope of carbon—better known as radiocarbon—would be useful as a clock for determining the age of materials on Earth (see Box 1). In particular, ~(14)C dating of the organic remains of living organisms has been an indispensable tool for archaeologists, paleontologists, historians, and geochemists, whose work fundamentally depends on determining when in the past an organism or whole ecosystem was alive. In the atmosphere, ~(14)C combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, and this ~(14)CO_2 is relatively uniformly distributed. Autotrophic organisms incorporate carbon dioxide into their tissues in the form of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and DNA.
机译:六十年前,科学家证明宇宙射线与大气中的氮(〜(14)N)反应,用中子代替质子产生〜(14)C(Libby,1946; Libby等,1949)。不久,人们发现〜(14)C具有放射性,这种碳的同位素(更好地称为放射性碳)将用作确定地球上物质年龄的时钟(见方框1)。特别是,对于考古学家,古生物学家,历史学家和地球化学家而言,对活生物体的有机物进行〜(14)C测年已成为必不可少的工具,他们的工作基本上取决于确定过去某个生物体或整个生态系统何时存活。在大气中,〜(14)C与氧气结合形成二氧化碳,并且〜(14)CO_2相对均匀地分布。自养生物以蛋白质,碳水化合物,脂质和DNA的形式将二氧化碳掺入其组织。

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