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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography >Occurrence of MARINE BIOTOXINS AND SHELLFISH POISONING EVENTS and Their Causative Organisms in Argentine Marine Waters
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Occurrence of MARINE BIOTOXINS AND SHELLFISH POISONING EVENTS and Their Causative Organisms in Argentine Marine Waters

机译：阿根廷海洋水域海洋生物毒素和甲壳类中毒事件的发生及其致病生物

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In the Argentine Sea, marine phycotoxins of microalgal origin associated with five shellfish poisoning syndromes have been reported. The most problematic in terms of toxicity and geographic distribution is paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), followed by diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). In contrast, amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), spiroimine shellfish poisoning (SSP), and azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP) have not been reported to cause human illness or closures of shellfish harvest sites in Argentina to date but pose a potential risk, as associated toxins and producing organisms are present in Southwest Atlantic waters and were detected at subregulatory levels in mollusks. Alexandrium catenella and Gymnodinium catenatum have been identified as producers of the PSP toxins C1/2, gonyautoxins (GTX1-4), saxitoxin (STX), and neosaxitoxin (NEO) in the Argentine Sea. Nine potentially toxigenic species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia have been reported for Argentinean coastal waters: P australis, P brasiliana, P. delicatissima, P. fraudulenta, P multiseries, P. pseudodelicatissima, P pungens, P seriata, and P turgidula, all of which are known to produce the neurotoxin domoic acid that causes ASP. Two genera have been identified as producers of DSP toxins in Argentina: the benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima and several species of the pelagic dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis: D. acuminata, D. caudata, D. fortii, D. norvegica, and D. tripos. The occurrence of these species in Argentine waters is associated with okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), and pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX-2sa). Historically, yessotoxins (YTXs) were also included in DSP syndrome and all three known YTX-producers have been confirmed in Argentinean waters: Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedra, and Protoceratium reticulatum, but of these onlyP. reticulatum could be associated with YTX production to date. Several species of the family Amphidomataceae, which cause AZP, have been reported for Argentina: Amphidoma languida, Azadinium dexteroporum, Az. luciferelloides, Az. poporum, and Az. spinosum. In Argentinean coastal waters, out of these species only Az. poporum has been identified as toxigenic to date, as it produces azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2) and its phosphorylated form. Currently in Argentina, seafood is monitored for the risk of ASP, AZP, DSP, and PSP.
机译：在阿根廷海域，已经报道了与五种贝类中毒综合症有关的微藻类海洋藻毒素。就毒性和地理分布而言，最成问题的是麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP），然后是腹泻性贝类中毒（DSP）。相比之下，迄今为止，尚无阿根廷遗忘性贝类中毒（ASP），螺螺胺类贝类中毒（SSP）和氮杂螺菌酸类贝类中毒（AZP）引起人类疾病或贝类捕捞场关闭的报道，但构成潜在的风险毒素和生产性生物存在于西南大西洋水域，在软体动物中以亚监管水平被检测到。 Alexandre catenella和Gymnodinium catenatum已被确定为阿根廷海中PSP毒素C1 / 2，淋病自动毒素（GTX1-4），毒毒素（STX）和新毒素（NEO）的产生者。据报道，阿根廷沿海水域有9种潜在的产硅藻假单胞菌属的拟南芥属：澳洲鲍氏菌，巴西布鲁氏菌，德氏疟原虫，欺诈性疟原虫，多菌种，假拟delicatissima，P庞格氏菌，P.seriata和P turgidula，已知所有这些都会产生引起ASP的神经毒素多摩酸。在阿根廷，已确定有两个属是DSP毒素的生产者：底栖鞭毛鞭毛原鞭毛虫和中上鞭毛鞭毛藻属的几种物种：D. acuminata，D。caudata，D。fortii，D。norvegica和D. tripos。这些物种在阿根廷水域的发生与冈田酸（OA），狄诺氏菌毒素1（DTX-1），果胶毒素2（PTX-2）和果胶毒素2癸二酸（PTX-2sa）有关。从历史上看，yesotoxins（YTXs）也包括在DSP综合征中，并且在阿根廷水域已经确认了所有三种已知的YTX产生者：刺孢子虫（Gonyaulax spinifera），多枝灵芝（Lingulodinium polyedra）和网纹原藻（Protoceratium reticulatum），但只有P。迄今为止，网纹可能与YTX生产有关。阿根廷已报告了引起AZP的两栖类动物科中的几种：兰氏两栖动物，葡聚糖Azadinium，Azadinium dexteroporum，Az。 luciferelloides，Az。 Poporum和Az。多刺的。在阿根廷沿海水域中，只有Az。迄今为止，由于它产生azaspiracid-2（AZA-2）及其磷酸化形式，因此已被确定为有毒物质。目前在阿根廷，对海鲜进行了ASP，AZP，DSP和PSP风险监测。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2018年第4期|132-144|共13页
  • 作者

    Krock Bernd; Ferrario Martha E.; Akselman Rut; Montoya Nora G.;

  • 作者单位

    Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Mee, Bremerhaven, Germany;

    Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Div Ficol, Herbarium, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina|Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina;

    Inst Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Pesquero INIDEP, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina;

    Inst Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Pesquero INIDEP, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina;

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