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HOW TO CREATE NEW SUBDUCTION ZONES A Global Perspective

机译：如何创建全球新的俯冲带

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The association of deep-sea trenches-steeply angled, planar zones where earthquakes occur deep into Earth's interior-and chains, or arcs, of active, explosive volcanoes had been recognized for 90 years prior to the development of plate tectonic theory in the 1960s. Oceanic lithosphere is created at mid-ocean ridge spreading centers and recycled into the mantle at subduction zones, where down-going lithospheric plates dynamically sustain the deep-sea trenches. Study of subduction zone initiation is a challenge because evidence of the processes involved is typically destroyed or buried by later tectonic and crust-forming events. In 2014 and 2017, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) specifically targeted these processes with three back-to-back expeditions to the archetypal Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) intra-oceanic arcs and one expedition to the Tonga-Kermadec (TK) system. Both subduction systems were initiated 52 million years ago, coincident with a proposed major change of Pacific plate motion. These expeditions explored the tectonism preceding and accompanying subduction initiation and the characteristics of the earliest crust-forming magmatism. Lack of compressive uplift in the overriding plate combined with voluminous basaltic seafloor magmatism in an extensional environment indicates a large component of spontaneous subduction initiation was involved for the IBM. Conversely, a complex range of far-field uplift and depression accompanied the birth of the TK system, indicative of a more distal forcing of subduction initiation. Future scientific ocean drilling is needed to target the three-dimensional aspects of these processes at new converging margins.
机译：在1960年代板块构造理论发展之前的90年中，人们就认识到深海沟渠-陡峭倾斜的平面区域（地震发生在地球内部以及链状或弧形深处）之间的联系，即活跃的爆炸性火山。大洋岩石圈是在洋中脊扩散中心形成的，并在俯冲带被回收到地幔中，在这里俯冲的岩石圈板块动态地支撑着深海海沟。俯冲带启动的研究是一个挑战，因为所涉及的过程的证据通常被以后的构造和地壳形成事件破坏或掩埋。在2014年和2017年，国际海洋发现计划（IODP）专门针对了这些过程，其中包括对原型伊豆-波宁-马里亚纳（IBM）大洋内部弧线的三个背对背探险和对汤加-克马德克（TK）的一次远征）系统。这两种俯冲系统都是在5200万年前启动的，与太平洋板块运动的重大变化相吻合。这些探险活动探讨了俯冲引发之前和之后的构造运动，以及最早形成地壳的岩浆作用的特征。在扩展环境中，上覆板缺乏压缩抬升，并伴有大量的玄武岩海底岩浆作用，这表明IBM参与了自发俯冲作用的很大一部分。相反，伴随着TK系统的诞生，发生了一系列复杂的远场抬升和压抑，这表明俯冲开始作用的远端作用更大。需要未来的科学海洋钻探，以将这些过程的三维方面瞄准新的汇聚边缘。

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  • 来源
    《Oceanography》 |2019年第1期|160-175|共16页
  • 作者

    Arculus Richard J.; Gurnis Michael; Ishizuka Osamu; Reagan Mark K.; Pearce Julian A.; Sutherland Rupert;

  • 作者单位

    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia;

    CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    Geol Survey Japan, Res Inst Earthquake & Volcano Geol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;

    Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Iowa City, IA USA;

    Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales;

    Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand;

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