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Studies of Windows NT Performance using Dynamic Execution Traces

机译：使用动态执行跟踪研究Windows NT性能

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We studied two aspects of the performance of Windows NT~(tm): processor bandwidth requirements for memory accesses in a uniprocessor system running commercial and benchmark applications, and locking behavior of a commercial database on a small-scale multiprocessor. Our studies are based on full dynamic execution traces of the systems, which include all instructions executed by the operating system and applications over periods of a few seconds (enough time to allow for significant computation). The traces were obtained on Alpha PCs, using a new software tool called PatchWrx that takes advantage of the Alpha architecture's PAL-code layer to implement efficient, comprehensive system tracing. Because the Alpha version of Windows NT uses substantially the same code base as other versions, and therefore executes nearly the same sequence of calls, basic blocks, and data structure accesses, we believe our conclusions are relevant for non-Alpha systems as well. This paper describes our performance studies and interesting aspects of PatchWrx. We conclude from our studies that processor bandwidth can be a first-order bottleneck to achieving good performance. This is particularly apparent when studying commercial benchmarks. Operating system code and data structures contribute disproportionately to the memory access load. We also found that operating system software lock contention was a factor preventing the database benchmark from scaling up on the small multiprocessor, and that the cache coherence protocol employed by the machine introduced more cache interference than necessary.
机译：我们研究了Windows NT〜（tm）性能的两个方面：运行商业和基准应用程序的单处理器系统中的内存访问对处理器带宽的要求，以及小型多处理器上商业数据库的锁定行为。我们的研究基于系统的完整动态执行轨迹，其中包括操作系统和应用程序在几秒钟的时间内执行的所有指令（足够的时间可以进行大量计算）。使用称为PatchWrx的新软件工具在Alpha PC上获得了跟踪，该工具利用Alpha架构的PAL代码层来实施高效，全面的系统跟踪。由于Windows NT的Alpha版本使用与其他版本基本相同的代码库，因此执行几乎相同的调用，基本块和数据结构访问序列，因此我们认为我们的结论也适用于非Alpha系统。本文介绍了我们的性能研究以及PatchWrx的有趣方面。从我们的研究中可以得出结论，处理器带宽可能是实现良好性能的首要瓶颈。在研究商业基准时，这一点尤其明显。操作系统代码和数据结构对内存访问负载的贡献不成比例。我们还发现，操作系统软件锁争用是阻止数据库基准测试在小型多处理器上扩展的一个因素，并且该计算机采用的缓存一致性协议引入了不必要的缓存干扰。

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