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首页> 外文期刊>Organization science >IT Assets, Organizational Capabilities, and Firm Performance: How Resource Allocations and Organizational Differences Explain Performance Variation
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IT Assets, Organizational Capabilities, and Firm Performance: How Resource Allocations and Organizational Differences Explain Performance Variation

机译：IT资产，组织能力和公司绩效：资源分配和组织差异如何解释绩效差异

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摘要

Despite evidence of a positive relationship between information technology (IT) investments and firm performance, results still vary across firms and performance measures. We explore two organizational explanations for this variation: differences in firms' IT investment allocations and their IT capabilities. We develop a theoretical model of IT resources, defined as the combination of specific IT assets and organizational IT capabilities. We argue that investments into different IT assets are guided by firms' strategies (e.g., cost leadership or innovation) and deliver value along performance dimensions consistent with their strategic purpose. We hypothesize that firms derive additional value per IT dollar through a mutually reinforcing system of organizational IT capabilities built on complementary practices and competencies. Empirically, we test the impact of IT assets, IT capabilities, and their combination on four dimensions of firm performance: market valuation, profitability, cost, and innovation. Our results—based on data on IT investment allocations and IT capabilities in 147 U.S. firms from 1999 to 2002—demonstrate that IT investment allocations and organizational IT capabilities drive differences in firm performance. Firms' total IT investment is not associated with performance, but investments in specific IT assets explain performance differences along dimensions consistent with their strategic purpose. In addition, a system of organizational IT capabilities strengthens the performance effects of IT assets and broadens their impact beyond their intended purpose. The results help explain variance in returns to IT capital across firms and expand our understanding of alignment between IT and organizations. We illustrate our findings with examples from a case study of 7-Eleven Japan.
机译：尽管有证据表明信息技术（IT）投资与公司绩效之间存在正相关关系，但结果仍因公司和绩效指标而异。我们针对这种变化探讨了两种组织解​​释：企业IT投资分配及其IT能力的差异。我们建立了IT资源的理论模型，定义为特定IT资产和组织IT能力的组合。我们认为，对不同IT资产的投资受公司战略（例如成本领先或创新）的指导，并沿着与其战略目标相符的绩效维度创造价值。我们假设企业通过在互补的实践和能力基础上建立的相互增强的组织IT能力体系，可以从每IT美元获得额外价值。从经验上讲，我们测试了IT资产，IT功能及其组合对公司绩效的四个方面的影响：市场估值，盈利能力，成本和创新。我们的结果基于1999年至2002年美国147家公司的IT投资分配和IT能力数据，表明IT投资分配和组织IT能力推动了公司绩效的差异。公司的IT总投资与绩效无关，但是对特定IT资产的投资可以沿与战略目标一致的维度说明绩效差异。此外，组织的IT能力系统可增强IT资产的性能效果，并将其影响扩大到其预期目的之外。结果有助于解释各公司IT资本收益的差异，并扩大我们对IT与组织之间一致性的理解。我们以一个7-11日本的案例研究为例来说明我们的发现。

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