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Organizing the Environmental Governance of the Rare-Earth Industry: China's passive revolution

机译：组织稀土行业的环境治理：中国的被动革命

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摘要

The rare-earth industry is of strategic importance for China and many 'clean' technologies worldwide. Yet the processes of mining, smelting and separating rare-earth ores are heavily polluting. Using a neo-Gramscian perspective in the context of organization studies, this article analyses the dynamic interactions between government agencies, business and civil society in the development of the environmental governance of China's rare-earth industry over the past 30 years, with a particular focus on China's 'top-down' passive revolution. Making use of rarely granted access to China's biggest rare-earth company, one of the country's key strategic assets, the analysis makes visible the changes of environmental contestations among five different governance actors over what we identify as three environmental governance eras in China. Besides offering unique empirical insights into the organizational processes that constitute the dynamically evolving hegemony of China's rare-earth industry, the article makes three theoretical contributions to the field of organization studies. First, we analyse the changing role of state institutions in a non-Western context, which has been de-emphasized by existing organization scholars. Second, we conceptualize the dynamics of environmental governance in China as a form of top-down 'passive revolution'. Third, we problematize the dual role of Chinese NGOs as both supporting and challenging state power. Overall, we contribute to our understanding of the organization of governance systems in non-Western contexts, which has been neglected in organizational studies.
机译：稀土行业对中国和全球许多“清洁”技术具有战略重要性。然而，稀土矿石的开采，冶炼和分离过程严重污染。本文在组织研究的背景下，运用新格拉姆斯主义的视角，分析了过去30年中国政府在稀土行业环境治理发展中的政府机构，企业和公民社会之间的动态互动。中国的“自上而下”的被动革命。该分析利用了中国最大的稀土公司（中国的主要战略资产之一）的极少获得的准入机会，该分析使五个不同的治理参与者之间在我们确定的中国三个环境治理时代中环境竞争的变化可见。除了对构成中国稀土行业动态演变的霸权的组织过程提供独特的经验见解外，本文还对组织研究领域做出了三点理论贡献。首先，我们分析了非西方背景下国家机构的角色变化，现有组织学者已不再强调这一点。其次，我们将中国环境治理的动态概念化为自上而下的“被动革命”。第三，我们质疑中国非政府组织在支持和挑战国家权力方面的双重作用。总体而言，我们为我们对非西方环境下的治理体系组织的理解做出了贡献，而这种理解在组织研究中已被忽略。

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