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Long-term community-based monitoring of tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis on Mindoro Island, Philippines

机译：菲律宾民都洛岛上的Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis的基于社区的长期监测

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The Critically Endangered tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis is endemic to Mindoro Island, Philippines, and little is known of its ecology. During 2006-2011 we used community-based monitoring to examine the population status and ecology of tamaraw in the species' core habitat of Mount Iglit-Baco National Park. Each year, for 5 consecutive days at the end of the dry season, trained local volunteers and rangers or project staff were allocated to 18 vantage points in the study area (c. 160 km(2)). Tamaraw were categorized as adult (> 5 years), juvenile (2-5 years) or calf (< 2 years), and sexed when possible. During the study period the population was 239-314 (mean 271), with no significant fluctuations in age structure (percentage of adults, juveniles and calves: 57.8, 21.0 and 21.3%) or estimated adult female reproductive rates (29.1%). In adults, but not in juveniles, the sex ratio was biased towards females (1 : 1.86, P < 0.01). Bulls were often solitary (32.2% of sightings), whereas the majority of cows (94.7%) formed small groups of 2-12 individuals of different ages, with or without bulls (53.4 and 46.6%, respectively). These results demonstrate that the population remained relatively stable, maintaining a constant age structure and reproductive rate, and that long-term community-based monitoring was effective for quantitative characterization of the tamaraw's social behaviour, which is critical for conservation and management of the species.
机译：极度濒临灭绝的塔玛拉布巴努斯·比奥卢斯是菲律宾明多洛岛的特有物种，对其生态学知之甚少。在2006-2011年期间，我们使用了基于社区的监测来检查伊格利特-巴科山国家公园物种核心栖息地中塔马拉的种群状况和生态。每年在旱季结束时连续5天，将受过训练的当地志愿者和护林员或项目人员分配到研究区域的18个有利位置（约160 km（2））。 Tamaraw分为成年（> 5岁），少年（2-5岁）或小腿（<2岁），并在可能的情况下进行性别划分。在研究期间，人口为239-314（平均271），年龄结构（成年人，少年和小牛的百分比：57.8、21.0和21.3％）或估计的成年女性生殖率（29.1％）没有显着波动。在成年人中，但在未成年人中，性别比偏向女性（1：1：86，P <0.01）。公牛通常是孤独的（占总目数的32.2％），而大多数母牛（94.7％）由2-12个不同年龄的个体组成的小组，有或没有公牛（分别为53.4和46.6％）。这些结果表明，种群保持相对稳定，保持了恒定的年龄结构和生殖率，并且基于社区的长期监测对于定量描述塔玛拉维的社会行为是有效的，这对于物种的保护和管理至关重要。

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