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Wildlife predation on livestock and poultry: implications for predator conservation in the rainforest of south-east Mexico

机译：牲畜和家禽的野生生物捕食：对墨西哥东南部雨林中的捕食者保护的影响

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We assessed wildlife predation on livestock and poultry and the implications for predator conservation in the most important rainforest areas of south-east Mexico. We estimated the economic impact of predation and identified variables correlated to predation frequency in four communities adjacent to Calakmul and Montes Azules Biosphere Reserves. We did participant observation and interviews with 161 residents during January-September 2010. We recorded 2,861 deaths of livestock and poultry from predation by wild carnivores over the previous 3 years. Opossums (n = 677 predation events), raptors (n = 676) and ocelots (n = 539) were responsible for the highest numbers of killings. Poultry constituted the main target of wild predators (n = 2,548 deaths). Sheep (n = 201 events) and cattle (167) were the most affected by large predators such as jaguar Panthera onca and puma Puma concolor. Economic losses from predation were estimated to be USD 55,600 over the 3 years in the four communities. Predation frequency was positively correlated with livestock numbers (r~2 = 0.87, P ＜ 0.05) but negatively associated with wild prey abundance (r~2 = 0.96, P ＜ 0.05). Better husbandry practices focused on the safety and location of livestock enclosures and on reducing overabundance of dogs and regulating hunting on wild prey in rural areas may help mitigating conflict between wild predators and residents in the rainforests of south-east Mexico.
机译：我们评估了野生生物对牲畜和家禽的捕食以及对墨西哥东南部最重要的雨林地区的捕食者保护的意义。我们估算了捕食的经济影响，并确定了与卡拉克穆尔和蒙特斯·阿祖勒斯生物圈保护区相邻的四个社区中与捕食频率相关的变量。在2010年1月至9月期间，我们对161位居民进行了参与者观察和访谈。我们记录了过去3年中野生食肉动物捕食造成的2861头牲畜和家禽死亡。负鼠（n = 677个捕食事件），猛禽（n = 676）和跟骨（n = 539）是导致杀戮次数最多的原因。家禽是野生捕食者的主要目标（n = 2,548例死亡）。绵羊（n = 201事件）和牛（167）受大型捕食者的影响最大，例如美洲虎Panthera onca和美洲狮美洲狮。在这四个社区的三年中，捕食造成的经济损失估计为55万6千美元。捕食频率与牲畜数量呈正相关（r〜2 = 0.87，P ＜0.05），而与野生猎物丰富度呈负相关（r〜2 = 0.96，P ＜0.05）。更好的畜牧业做法侧重于牲畜围栏的安全和位置，减少狗的过剩和规范农村地区对野生猎物的狩猎，可能有助于减轻野生捕食者与墨西哥东南部雨林中居民之间的冲突。

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