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Video analysis of host-parasite interactions in nests of Darwin's finches

机译：达尔文雀巢中宿主-寄生虫相互作用的视频分析

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摘要

Parasites place their hosts under strong selection for adaptive traits that increase parasite resistance. The initial impact of invasive parasites has rarely been observed and can be particularly strong on naive hosts with limited prior exposure to parasites. Philornis downsi is an introduced fly to the Galapagos Islands whose parasitic larvae cause high mortality in nestlings of Darwin's finches. We used a within -nest camera system and nest monitoring data to examine this new host-parasite interaction in the wild. Many P. downsi flies entered finch nests with incubated eggs or nestlings but only when parent finches were not present. Parasitic P. downsi larvae were observed to emerge from the nest base at night to feed both internally and externally on nestlings. Adult and nestling Darwin's finches exhibit grooming and avoidance behaviours in the presence of P. downsi parasites. Specifically, in nests with high parasite intensity, nestlings increased self-preening behaviour, ate larvae and stood on top of one another. Female finches probed into their nestling's nares (first instar larvae reside in the nares) and probed into the nest base (second and third larvae reside in the nest base during the day). These findings shed light on the emergence of anti-parasite behaviour as well as host-parasite relationships after recent parasitism in a naive host.
机译：寄生虫将其宿主置于强烈的适应性状选择之下，以增加寄生虫的抵抗力。极少观察到侵入性寄生虫的最初影响，并且在事先接触寄生虫的幼稚宿主上可能尤其强烈。 Philornis downsi是向加拉帕戈斯群岛引入的苍蝇，加拉帕戈斯群岛的寄生幼虫在达尔文雀科的雏鸟中引起高死亡率。我们使用巢内摄像头系统并嵌套监视数据来检查野外这种新的宿主-寄生虫相互作用。许多P. downsi蝇用孵化的卵或雏鸟进入雀巢，但只有在没有亲雀的情况下才进入。夜间观察到寄生的P. downsi幼虫从巢基中出来，在雏鸟的内部和外部觅食。成年和刚孵出的达尔文雀科在存在唐氏疟原虫的情况下表现出修饰和回避行为。具体来说，在寄生虫强度高的巢中，雏鸟会增加自食行为，吃幼虫并彼此站立。雌雀探查其雏巢的鼻孔（第一龄幼虫在鼻孔中），并探查其巢基（第二和第三幼虫白天在巢基中）。这些发现揭示了天真的宿主最近发生寄生虫后抗寄生虫行为以及宿主-寄生虫关系的出现。

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  • 来源
    《Oryx》 |2010年第4期|p.588-594|共7页
  • 作者

    Jody A. OConnor; Jeremy Robertson; Sonia Kleindorfer;

  • 作者单位

    School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia;

    School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia;

    School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    darwin's finches; galapagos; host-parasite interaction; larvae; mortality; philornis downsi; video analysis;

    机译：达尔文的雀科;加拉帕戈斯群岛宿主-寄生虫相互作用;幼虫死亡;菲尔尼斯·唐斯视频分析;

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