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Efficacy of beehive fences as barriers to African elephants: a case study in Tanzania

机译：蜂巢栅栏作为非洲大象屏障的功效：坦桑尼亚的案例研究

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摘要

Non-lethal mitigation of crop use by elephants Loxodonta africana is an increasingly important part of protected area management across Africa and Asia. Recently, beehive fences have been suggested as a potential mitigation strategy. We tested the effectiveness of this method in a farming community adjacent to Udzungwa Mountains National Park in southern Tanzania. Over a 5.5-year period (2010-2016) a beehive fence was introduced and subsequently extended along the Park boundary. The probability that one or more farms experienced crop loss from elephants on a given day was reduced in the presence of the fence and was reduced further as the fence was extended. The number of hives occupied by bees along the fence was the best predictor of elephants' visits to farms. Farms closest to the fence experienced a greater likelihood of damage, particularly during the initial period when the fence was shorter. The number of farms affected by elephants declined when the fence was extended. There was a higher probability of damage on farms that were closer to the Park boundary and further from a road. Our mixed results suggest that the shape, length and location of fences need to be carefully planned because changes in a farm's long-term susceptibility to elephant damage vary between individual farms; fences need to be long enough to be effective and ensure that decreasing crop loss frequency is not outweighed by an increasing number of farms damaged per visit.
机译：非洲象鼻象的非致命性减缓作物使用已成为整个非洲和亚洲保护区管理中越来越重要的部分。最近，蜂巢围栏已被建议作为一种潜在的缓解策略。我们在坦桑尼亚南部Udzungwa山国家公园附近的一个农业社区中测试了该方法的有效性。在5.5年期间（2010年至2016年），引入了一个蜂巢围栏，随后沿公园边界延伸。在有围栏的情况下，一个或多个农场在一天中遭受大象减产的可能性降低，并且随着围栏的延长，这种可能性进一步降低。栅栏上蜜蜂占据的蜂巢数量是大象参观农场的最佳预测。最靠近栅栏的农场遭受破坏的可能性更大，尤其是在栅栏较短的最初时期。围栏扩展时，受到大象影响的农场数量有所减少。靠近公园边界且距离道路较远的农场遭受破坏的可能性更高。我们的混合结果表明，围栏的形状，长度和位置需要仔细计划，因为各个农场之间长期遭受大象伤害的敏感性的变化会有所不同。围栏必须足够长才能有效，并确保每次访问中损坏的农场数量不断增加，从而不会减少作物损失频率的降低。

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  • 来源
    《Oryx》 |2019年第1期|92-99|共8页
  • 作者

    Scheijen Ciska P. J.; Richards Shane A.; Smit Josephine; Jones Trevor; Nanowak Katarzy;

  • 作者单位

    Van Hall Larenstein Univ Appl Sci, Dept Wildlife Management, Leeuwarden, Netherlands|Univ Free State, Anim Wildlife & Grassland Sci, Bloemfontein, South Africa;

    Univ Tasmania, Sch Nat Sci, Sandy Bay, Australia|Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia;

    Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling, Scotland|Southern Tanzania Elephant Program, Iringa, Tanzania;

    Southern Tanzania Elephant Program, Iringa, Tanzania;

    Univ Free State, Zool & Entomol, Qwaqwa Campus, ZA-9866 Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Beehive fences; crop use; elephants; human-wildlife interactions; Loxodonta africana; mitigation; Tanzania; Udzungwa;

    机译：蜂巢围栏;作物使用;大象;人与野生动物的相互作用;非洲象牙虫;缓解;坦桑尼亚;乌宗瓦;

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