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Moulded pulp products manufacturing with thermoforming

机译：纸浆模塑制品的热成型

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Over the past years, eco-friendly packaging solutions such as moulded pulp have resonated with a growing number of consumers. Among all of them, the thermoformed products make use of the most recent manufacturing approach that produces high-quality, thin-walled items. However, it remains an underresearched area, and the development of an efficient and precise manufacturing process is fundamental in order to increase the implementation of sustainable packaging. With the purpose of setting a step towards in the standardization of design and testing practices of eco-friendly packaging, this work focused on the characterization of the thermoforming process of moulded pulp products and their characteristics. Three different analyses were carried out for this purpose, covering the dewatering efficiency of the process, a quantification of the moulding geometrical accuracy, and an analysis of the internal microstructure of the parts. Experimental results and statistical analysis show that the dewatering efficiency is mainly governed by the mould's temperature while the duration of the contact time is not influential. In the second investigation, the geometrical accuracy of the mouldability of microfeatures was assessed. The process appeared to be dependently related to the pulp type employed. Finally, the internal microstructure was documented using X-ray computed tomography. The analysis shows an increase in the internal void fraction linked with an increase in the mould's temperature. The role of the water change of phase in the thermoforming process is also discussed by reference to the work conducted on impulse drying.
机译：在过去的几年中，越来越多的消费者引起了环保的包装解决方案，例如模塑纸浆的共鸣。在所有这些产品中，热成型产品利用了最新的制造方法来生产高质量的薄壁产品。但是，它仍然是一个研究不足的领域，开发高效，精确的制造工艺对于提高可持续包装的实施至关重要。为了朝着环保包装设计和测试实践的标准化迈出一步，这项工作着重于模塑纸浆产品的热成型工艺及其特性的表征。为此目的进行了三种不同的分析，包括过程的脱水效率，定量成型的几何精度以及零件内部微观结构的分析。实验结果和统计分析表明，脱水效率主要取决于模具的温度，而接触时间的长短不受影响。在第二次调查中，评估了微特征可成型性的几何精度。该方法似乎与所使用的纸浆类型相关。最后，使用X射线计算机断层扫描记录内部微观结构。分析表明内部空隙率的增加与模具温度的升高有关。还参考在脉冲干燥中进行的工作，讨论了水相变化在热成型过程中的作用。

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