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The Party Abroad: A New Modus Operandi for Political Parties

机译：国外党：政党新的Modus Operani

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In an era where millions of people live elsewhere than their country of birth and many hold multiple nationalities, the questions of who and how represents these people becomes imperative. The traditional manner of representation is through political parties, yet the form in which parties have historically existed is within state bounds. Throughout time, we have witnessed the transition from cadre to cartel parties and through them the changing role of the political party. This article argues that with the vast expansion of the movement of people around the world, which has been influenced by the enlargement of the European Union, by globalisation, migration and most recently by the refugee crisis, political parties are reshaping their structures both domestically and internationally, and we are witnessing the development of a 'new modus operandi' of political parties-the party abroad. The party abroad is viewed as a natural evolvement of the functions of domestic political parties in their response to a changing civil society and changing competitive space. The article provides a theory of the party abroad, it discusses how it relates to previous models of political parties and offers a framework based on which we can study it.
机译：在一个数百万的人在其他地方生活，而不是他们的出生国家，许多人持有多国籍，那些人的问题是令人遗憾的。传统的代表方式是通过政党，然而历史上存在的形式在国家范围内。在整个时间之后，我们已经目睹了从干部到卡特尔派对的过渡，并通过他们通过他们的政党作用不断变化。本文认为，随着全球人民运动的巨大扩张，受到欧洲联盟扩大的影响，通过全球化，迁移和最近被难民危机，政党正在国内重塑其结构在国际上，我们正在目睹了政党的“新的MODUS Operandi”的发展 - 国外党。国外党被视为国内政党职能对变迁民间社会的回应以及改变竞争空间的自然演变。文章提供了国外党的理论，讨论了它如何与以前的政党模式有关，并提供基于我们可以研究的框架。

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