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Online Data Thinning via Multi-Subspace Tracking

机译:通过多子空间跟踪进行在线数据细化

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摘要

In an era of ubiquitous large-scale streaming data, the availability of data far exceeds the capacity of expert human analysts. In many settings, such data is either discarded or stored unprocessed in data centers. This paper proposes a method of online data thinning, in which large-scale streaming datasets are winnowed to preserve unique, anomalous, or salient elements for timely expert analysis. At the heart of this proposed approach is an online anomaly detection method based on dynamic, low-rank Gaussian mixture models. Specifically, the high-dimensional covariance matrices associated with the Gaussian components are associated with low-rank models. According to this model, most observations lie near a union of subspaces. The low-rank modeling mitigates the curse of dimensionality associated with anomaly detection for high-dimensional data, and recent advances in subspace clustering and subspace tracking allow the proposed method to adapt to dynamic environments. Furthermore, the proposed method allows subsampling, is robust to missing data, and uses a mini-batch online optimization approach. The resulting algorithms are scalable, efficient, and are capable of operating in real time. Experiments on wide-area motion imagery and e-mail databases illustrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
机译:在无处不在的大规模流数据时代,数据的可用性远远超过了专业的人类分析人员的能力。在许多设置中,此类数据将被丢弃或未经处理而存储在数据中心中。本文提出了一种在线数据精简的方法,其中将大型流数据集风化以保留唯一,异常或明显的元素,以便及时进行专家分析。该方法的核心是基于动态,低秩高斯混合模型的在线异常检测方法。具体而言,与高斯分量相关的高维协方差矩阵与低秩模型相关。根据该模型,大多数观测值位于子空间的并集附近。低秩建模减轻了与高维数据异常检测相关的维数诅咒,并且子空间聚类和子空间跟踪的最新进展使所提出的方法能够适应动态环境。此外,提出的方法允许二次采样,对丢失的数据具有鲁棒性,并使用小批量在线优化方法。由此产生的算法是可扩展的,高效的,并且能够实时运行。在广域运动图像和电子邮件数据库上进行的实验说明了该方法的有效性。

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