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Olmos Coal, Maverick Basin, South Texas: From Prospect to Production

机译：德克萨斯州南部特立独行盆地的奥尔莫斯煤炭：从前景到生产

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In 2001, The Exploration Company (TXCO) formally announced the discovery of the first coalbed methane (CBM) field in Texas—the Sacatosa CBM field, which produces from coals of the Cretaceous Olmos Formation in the Maverick Basin of South Texas. The net coal zone thickens downdip from about six ft along outcrop near Eagle Pass to about 30 ft just west of the junction of Maverick, Dimmit and Zavala counties. Gas-bearing coal is most abundant in the sandstone-dominated lowermost part of the Olmos Formation, where 1-10 coal beds typically are present in a zone as much as 90 ft thick. The associated carbonaceous shale beds in the coal zone also contain gas. Measurements of gas contents indicate that the coal is at least locally gas-saturated. The gas is dry, with a mean C_1/C_2+C_3 ratio of 1500, a δ~(13)C_1 averaging -51% (range of-47 to -56%), and a ΔD of-192% (range of-186 to-196%), which indicate an origin by biogenic gas mixing with thermogenic gas. Thermal maturity indicated by a coal rank of high volatile bituminous C or B is consistent with the opening of the thermogenic gas window and with a simple burial history resulting from an estimated maximum overburden of 7,100 ft. The Sacatosa CBM discovery is the result of a two-year effort to: (1) measure the extent of the Olmos Formation CBM resource across the Maverick Basin; (2) test new well completion and existing well recompletion methods; and (3) develop formation-water pumping and disposal schemes. These methods have resulted in 34 CBM wells arrayed in four production clusters near the center of the thickest coal section. Dewatering of the coals is proceeding and production is expected to increase.
机译：2001年，勘探公司（TXCO）正式宣布在得克萨斯州发现第一个煤层气（CBM）油田-Sacatosa煤层气田，该煤田由南德克萨斯州Maverick盆地的白垩纪Olmos组的煤生产。净煤层使下沉深度从沿伊格尔山口附近的露头约6英尺增加到仅在马维里克，丁米特和扎瓦拉县交界处以西约30英尺处。含气煤在Olmos地层以砂岩为主的最下部中含量最高，那里厚达90英尺的区域通常存在1-10个煤层。煤层中相关的碳质页岩床也含有天然气。气体含量的测量表明，煤至少局部为气体饱和的。气体干燥，平均C_1 / C_2 + C_3比为1500，δ〜（13）C_1平均为-51％（范围为-47至-56％），ΔD为-192％（范围为- 186-196％），这表明生物气与热气混合产生的起源。煤级高挥发性沥青C或B所指示的热成熟度与热成气窗的打开一致，并且由于估计最大覆盖量为7,100 ft而具有简单的埋藏历史。Sacatosa煤层气的发现是两个因素的结果。一年的努力：（1）测量整个Maverick盆地Olmos组煤层气资源的范围； （2）测试新井完井和现有井补注方法； （3）制定地层水抽排方案。这些方法导致在最厚煤段中心附近的四个生产集群中排列了34口煤层气井。煤炭正在脱水，产量有望增加。

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