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首页> 外文期刊>Interpretation >Diffraction imaging of polygonal faults within a submarine volcanic terrain, Maverick Basin, south Texas
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Diffraction imaging of polygonal faults within a submarine volcanic terrain, Maverick Basin, south Texas

机译：德克萨斯州南部特立独行的海底火山地形内多边形断层的衍射成像

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Polygonal fault systems are common structural features of intracratonic continental margins. The map-view geometry of these faults became apparent with the use of powerful fault-imaging seismic attributes, such as coherence and curvature. However, these attributes lack the amplitude information necessary for lithological evaluation. We developed a 3D diffraction volume that not only imaged faults but also contained amplitude information. From the unmigrated stack volume, we extracted diffractions that were transformed into amplitude envelope and root-mean-square amplitude volumes. These attributes, together with clay volume (V_(clay)) data, were extracted along interpreted horizons and fault planes. Crossplots between seismic attributes and V_(clay) enabled linear relationships between the attributes and V_(clay), which were used to infer lithological composition within fault zones. Our results found that, although the fault zones were clay filled, some subvertically inclined clay-poor zones that could serve as permeable pathways were present along the fault planes. In map view, images from diffraction volume were comparable with those obtained from coherence and curvature attributes; however, diffraction images appeared to be busy because of the huge number of diffracted waves embedded in the data. In addition, we found that, although V_(clay) increases with increasing diffraction energy, no systematic relationship exists between V_(clay) and curvature, or between V_(clay) and coherence. As such, curvature and coherence cannot be used to predict lithological distribution within fault zones. Furthermore, we observed that the higher the diffraction energies, the higher the fluid saturation, suggesting higher impedance contrast at the diffraction points. Therefore, we determined that by analyzing diffraction data, it was possible to infer likely sediment variations that largely control permeability within fault zones.
机译：多边形断层系统是克拉通大陆边缘的常见结构特征。通过使用强大的断层成像地震属性（如相干性和曲率），这些断层的地图视图几何变得显而易见。但是，这些属性缺少岩性评估所需的振幅信息。我们开发了3D衍射体，不仅可以成像断层，而且还包含振幅信息。从未迁移的堆栈体积中，我们提取了被转换为幅度包络和均方根幅度体积的衍射。这些属性以及粘土体积（V_（clay））数据是沿着解释的层位和断层平面提取的。地震属性与V_（clay）之间的交叉图使属性与V_（clay）之间具有线性关系，这些关系用于推断断层带内的岩性成分。我们的结果发现，尽管断层带充满了粘土，但沿断层平面仍存在一些可作为渗透通道的垂直倾斜的贫粘土带。在地图视图中，来自衍射体积的图像与从相干和曲率属性获得的图像可比;但是，由于数据中嵌入了大量的衍射波，因此衍射图像似乎很忙。此外，我们发现，尽管V_（clay）随着衍射能量的增加而增加，但V_（clay）与曲率之间或V_（clay）与相干性之间不存在系统关系。因此，曲率和相干性不能用于预测断层带内的岩性分布。此外，我们观察到衍射能量越高，流体饱和度越高，表明在衍射点处的阻抗反差越高。因此，我们确定通过分析衍射数据，可以推断可能的沉积物变化，从而在很大程度上控制断层带的渗透率。

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