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‘A Glorious Sun and a Bad Person’. Wittgenstein, Ethical Reflection and the Other

机译：“灿烂的阳光和坏人”。维特根斯坦，伦理反思与其他

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摘要

Most commentators working on Wittgenstein’s remarks on ethics note that he rejects the very possibility of traditional normative ethics, that is, a philosophically justified normative guide for right conduct. In this article, Wittgenstein’s view of ethical reflection as presented in his notebooks from 1936 to 1938 is investigated, and the question of whether it involves ethical guidance is addressed. In Wittgenstein’s remarks, we can identify three requirements inherent in ethical reflection. The first two is revealed in the realisation that ethical reflection presupposes both a clear understanding of oneself and a normative ideal of how one ought to live and reason. The third source of normativity springs from the fact that ethical reflection involves a relationship with the other, not as judge, but as example and addressee. In this way, ethical reflection is essentially relational. In the article, we unfold how these three normative sources figure in Wittgenstein’s remarks, especially how the third requirement, the relationship with the other, shows both a point of conversion and a difference between his view of ethics and religious faith. It will also be argued that even if Wittgenstein thus presents ethical reflection as a normatively guided activity, the content of the guidance is personal, springing solely from the reflecting individual.
机译：大多数从事维特根斯坦关于伦理学的评论的评论家都指出，他拒绝传统规范伦理学的可能性，也就是对正确行为进行哲学上论证的规范指南。在本文中，对维特根斯坦（Wittgenstein）在1936年至1938年的笔记本中提出的道德反思观点进行了研究，并探讨了它是否涉及道德指导的问题。用维特根斯坦的话，我们可以确定道德反思中固有的三个要求。前两个体现在认识到道德反思既以对自己的清晰理解为前提，又以一个人应该如何生活和理性的规范理想为前提。规范性的第三个来源源于一个事实，即道德反思涉及与他人的关系，而不是作为判断者，而是作为示例和收件人。这样，道德反思本质上就是关系的。在本文中，我们将展示维特根斯坦的话中这三个规范来源的方式，特别是第三个要求，即与另一个要求的关系如何既显示了转变的角度，又显示了他的伦理观和宗教信仰观之间的差异。还将争论的是，即使维特根斯坦因此将道德反思作为一种规范性的指导活动来呈现，该指导的内容也是个人的，仅源于反思个人。

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