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Quantum collapses and revivals of matter wave in dynamics of symmetry breaking

机译：对称破坏动力学中的量子崩溃和物质波的复兴

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摘要

Quantum processes can be described in terms of a quasiprobability distribution (the Wigner distribution) analogous to the phase-space probability distribution of the classical realm. In contrast to the incomplete glimpse of the wave function that is achievable in a single shot experiment, the Wigner distribution, accessible by quantum state tomography, reflects the full quantum state. We show that during the fundamental symmetry-breaking process of a generic quantum system, with a symmetry-breaking field driving the quantum system far from equilibrium, the Wigner distribution evolves continuously with the system undergoing a sequence of revivals into the symmetry-unbroken state, followed by collapses onto a quasiclassical state akin to the one realized in infinite-size systems. We show that genetically this state is completely delocalized both in momentum and in real space.
机译：可以用类似于经典领域的相空间概率分布的拟概率分布（维格纳分布）来描述量子过程。与单次实验中可以不完全了解波函数相反，量子态层析成像可访问的维格纳分布反映了完整的量子态。我们表明，在一般量子系统的基本对称破坏过程中，随着对称破坏场驱使量子系统远离平衡状态，维格纳分布不断演化，系统经历了一系列的恢复，变成了对称未破坏状态，随后崩溃到类似于在无限大小系统中实现的准经典状态。我们证明，从遗传学上讲，这种状态在动量和实际空间中都是完全离域的。

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